VOL 77, No. 12 (2004)

The glass hardening process is considered from the fundamental positions of physicochemical kinetics. Provisions are being developed on the appearance of "hardening nuclei" on the surface, the formation of "hardening layers" and their advancement into the volume of glass. It is shown that the level of thermal transparency of colored glasses can characterize the forces of interaction of coloring complexes with the main silicon-oxygen formations of glass and, therefore, affect the change in viscosity during hardening. The developed theoretical concepts are in good agreement with the experimental and production data. Il. 3, bibliography: 12 titles.

The practical experience of changing the transmittance of glass for screens of electronic devices on an operating bath furnace is considered. Formulas for calculations are proposed, using which it is possible to ensure the minimum periods for the output of non-standard products. Il. 2.

Bleached ceramics were obtained on the basis of iron-containing clays, and the process of their sintering was intensified. Ceramics has high technical, operational and decorative characteristics, which is ensured by the introduction of up to 20% CaCO ₃ into the ceramic mass and 0.2% (over 100%) of lithium chloride as a mineralizer. Tab. 2, ill. 3, bibliography: 3 titles.

From the standpoint of a synergistic approach, the possibility of producing ceramics based on strontium zirconate by combining synthesis and sintering in one stage is shown. Conditions are proposed that make it possible to obtain ceramics with a specific structure. Tab. 1, bibliography: 10 titles.

The effect of liquid glass with different silicate modulus on the properties of slips has been studied. It was found that with an increase in the silicate modulus, the efficiency of water glass as a diluting agent increases. It is shown that the complex electrolytes water glass - sodium tripolyphosphate and water glass - sodium polyacrylate are more effective than each of the electrolytes separately. The highest drying rate has a slip containing sodium polyacrylate, and the lowest - containing sodium tripolyphosphate. Il. 4, bibliography: 5 titles.

The composition of white underglaze engobe based on wastes (after the first firing) of porcelain and faience production for facing tiles with a dark ceramic base has been developed. The application of the engobe to the dried tiles allows for good sintering of the engobe with the tiles at higher temperatures of the first firing. This makes it possible to simplify the composition of the engobe, improve the quality indicators of both the tile itself and the glaze coating. Tab. 1, bibliography: 3 titles.

The color differences of ceramic tiles are considered in relation to the variability of the pattern over time as the stencil wears out. It was found that the degree of wear of the mesh is a factor that significantly affects the indicator of different shades. Comparison of the results of instrumental research of color characteristics of ceramic tiles with the assessment of these characteristics by consumers. There was a significant discrepancy between the expert group's views on the color of ceramic tiles and the results of instrumental studies. Tab. 1, ill. 2, bibliography: 12 titles.

The results of a comprehensive study of wastes of ferruginous quartzites of dry and wet concentration are presented, the melting points, phase composition are determined, and their behavior during heating is studied. The possibility of using waste both as a base and as an additive for the production of wall materials, household products, glaze coatings and glass-crystalline materials has been revealed. Tab. 2, ill. 1, bibliography: 4 titles.