VOL 82, No. 7 (2009)

Glasses of compositions (100 - x) KNbO ₃ - xSiO ₂ (x = 12 - 35) were obtained, which, upon heat treatment in the region of glass transition temperatures, form a transparent glass ceramics. The initial stages of phase separation are accompanied by the appearance of a noticeable quadratic optical nonlinearity in glasses, which can be used to create highly efficient electro-optical modulators by thermal poling methods. Il. 4, bibliography: 12 titles.

The proposed method was used to determine the values ??of the viscosity of glass and glass-crystalline compositions in the temperature range of foaming. It was found that when the glass-crystalline composition contains less than 75% of the glass phase, its viscosity depends on the ratio of the crystalline and glassy phases, with the content of more than 75% - the viscosity of the composition and the coefficient of foaming are determined mainly by the composition of the glass phase. Tab. 2, ill. 3, bibliography: 5 titles.

Silicate glasses with additives of cerium and titanium oxides, which are of interest for the manufacture of incandescent lamps for automobile headlights and thermostable light filters, have been investigated. It was found that the appearance of a characteristic yellow-orange coloration is due to the formation of chromophore centers, which include the product of the interaction of cerium and titanium oxides. Based on the measurement of optical transmission, photoluminescence, and XPS data for the composition used for the manufacture of light filters, it is assumed that titanium is predominantly in the form of Ti ⁴⁺ ions, and cerium - in two states: Ce ^{3+ < / sup> and Ce 4+. Tab. 1, ill. 3, bibliography: 18 titles.}

The physicomechanical properties of mineral fibers made from volcanic slags from two deposits in Armenia have been studied. It is shown that slag fibers can become an alternative to widely used glass fibers. Their modulus of elasticity coincides with that of glass fibers of composition S, strength is close to that of glass fibers of composition E. The elastic strength characteristics of composites exceed the corresponding indicators of materials based on basalt and andesitodacite fibers. Tab. 6, ill. 3, bibliography: 2 titles.

The compositions of single-fired ceramic tiles using phosphogypsum and waste from the production of acetate fiber - LiCl - have been developed and investigated. The mathematical planning of the experiment was carried out, as a result of which a system of mathematical equations was obtained that characterizes the dependence of the properties of ceramic tiles on the content of various components. The calculated results were checked. Tab. 5, ill. 2, bibliography: 2 titles.

On the basis of red-burning clays, light ceramics with good decorative and technical characteristics were obtained by introducing into the ceramic mass CaCO ₃ in the form of finely dispersed waste of sugar production. Tab. 1, bibliography: 2 titles.

Possibilities of obtaining building ceramics on the basis of "tailings" of concentration of vermiculite and apatite-nepheline ores have been investigated. Ceramic masses are proposed that are promising for the production of facing tiles, as well as solid and hollow bricks with improved physical and mechanical characteristics. Tab. 3, ill. 2, bibliography: 1 title.

A comprehensive study of the features of structure and phase formation in zirconium-containing frits and glazed semi-fritted coatings with their use has been carried out. It has been established that a complex of high physicochemical and decorative-aesthetic characteristics, and most importantly, the degree of wear resistance of coatings (3 - 4) is provided by directional phase formation, a rational combination of crystalline quenching phases, their uniform distribution in a glassy matrix, as well as the formation of a homogeneous glass-crystalline structure. Tab. 3, ill. 5, bibliography: 1 title.

Based on the study of structural features and phase distribution in glasses of the Na ₂ O - B ₂ O ₃ - ZnO - TiO _{2 - SiO 2 it was found that spinodal segregation followed by crystallization of rutile with a uniform distribution of the crystalline phase is the most energetically advantageous than stable crystallization, which makes it possible to obtain a fine silky texture of the coating with a gloss of 11 - 12%... The composition of the glass matrix has been optimized to obtain a glass-crystalline matte coating with high technical, operational and decorative characteristics. Bibliography: 6 titles.}

The possibility of using local raw materials and industrial waste in the development of a technology for producing ceramic pigments has been investigated. Compositions of masses for pigments of black, blue and pink colors have been developed on the basis of pyroxene waste, manganese ore and spent catalyst acting as a color-bearing material, and wollastonite concentrate used as a mineralizer. The properties of the pigments are given. Bibliography: 3 titles.