VOL 88, No. 2 (2015)

Computer simulation of the structure of calcium-aluminoborosilicate glass with phosphorus additions showed that its atoms can be located in oxygen polyhedra with different symmetry. Based on calculations of bond lengths and bond angles in phosphate glass-forming polyhedra, a conclusion was made about the most probable structural position of phosphorus in tetrahedra with a P = O bond.

A new sizing-polymethylene-p-triphenyl ester of boric acid is proposed, which provides an increase in thermal and chemical resistance, as well as strength characteristics of glass fibers used in the production of fiberglass for various purposes.

The effect of the firing temperature on the phase composition and electrophysical properties of ceramic products obtained on the basis of compacted powders of the product of the interaction of potassium polytitanate and aqueous solutions of iron (III) salts has been investigated. At a firing temperature of about 700 ° C (optimal), ceramics have pronounced properties of a solid electrolyte and are formed on the basis of a solid solution of the composition K _1.46 Ti _7.2 Fe _0.8 O ₁₆. At higher temperatures, this solid solution loses its stability and partially decomposes.

The results of studying the composition of the masses using various pore-forming components to obtain wall ceramic materials with improved thermal insulation characteristics are presented. Their positive influence on the properties and structure of ceramics for construction purposes has been established.

Studies of the influence of various thinners on the corrosion of gypsum molds have been carried out. The possibility of more than twofold reduction in the corrosion of the surface of the samples with the use of phosphate thinners is shown, which will increase the service life of the molds and the efficiency of the production of ceramics.

The composition and content of exchangeable cations on the surface and in the volume of various clays have been studied. It was found that the atomic (ionic) composition of the surface of clay particles affects the adsorption and rheological properties of the suspension when electrolytes are introduced. Possible exchange reactions between electrolyte molecules and ions of a clay particle have been determined.

A detailed consideration of the correlation relationship between the temperature coefficient of volumetric expansion (TCDC) o (T) ?-Al ₂ O ₃ of corundum and its heat capacity C (T) is carried out. It is shown that a clear correlation o (C) takes place not only in the low-temperature region (up to ~ 50 K), where it is linear (Gruneisen's law), but also in a wider temperature range, up to the melting point of corundum. A significant deviation from the low-temperature linear behavior of the temperature dependence TKOR o (C) occurs when the heat capacity reaches the classical 5 * 3R Dulong and Petit limit. The results of the work can be used to verify the data of primary calorimetric and dilatometric studies of ceramic and other materials.

Studies have shown that mullite crystallizes in the brick of the Kazan Kremlin in the form of primary ("flaky") mullite, pseudomorphs of glass with acicular mullite over feldspar, and pseudomorphs of glass with short-prismatic mullite. The M?ssbauer absorption spectra showed that, in the brick under study, hematite was found on the surface, and magnetite was found in the inner layer.

For the first time, the results of studies on the development of a scale of desirability for assessing the competitiveness of wall building materials with glassy protective and decorative coatings are presented. The quality indicators of wall building materials with glassy protective and decorative coatings, obtained by the method of plasma reflow, have been studied. Using the relative indicators of properties, a complex quality indicator was calculated, which characterizes the technical level of quality of the glassy protective and decorative coatings under study, obtained by the method of plasma reflow.