VOL 88, No. 4 (2015)

The possibility of using the method of electron paramagnetic resonance in the study of the fine structure of glasses and glass-crystalline materials, as well as for the detection and identification of defects in glasses, which will increase the homogeneity of the glass and increase its operational characteristics, has been shown. The spectra of paramagnetic ions are discussed (Cu ²⁺; V ⁴⁺; Ti ³⁺; Mo ⁵⁺; Mn ²⁺; Fe ³⁺). Specific examples of the detection of these ions in sitalls, in which they are introduced as surface-active additives or are present as impurities that have entered the crystallized glass through raw materials, are considered.

A new scientific hypothesis on the structure of glass is presented, according to which glass is heterogeneous in its structure over the thickness of the sheet and consists of dense formations of silicon oxides located in an amorphous, less dense medium of alkali oxides, and the destruction of glass occurs through the contact of dense formations with an amorphous medium. This hypothesis allowed the development of a new theory of glass strength. The proposed scientific hypothesis has passed international expertise and is registered in the state register.

It is reported about the production of optical ceramics from lutetium oxide doped with ytterbium using spark plasma sintering. The starting material was Yb ³⁺: Lu ₂ O ₃ nanopowder synthesized by laser ablation. Spark plasma sintering of nanoparticles at a temperature of 1450 ° C, a load of 15 kN with a holding time of 40 minutes provides a submicrocrystalline structure of ceramics with an average grain size of 0.2 ?m and a light transmittance of 75.6% at a wavelength .lambda; = 1080 nm, which is 5.8% less than the theoretical value.

The results of studies of the possibility of using galvanic sludge as a component of the raw material composition for the manufacture of stove tiles are presented, and the effect of waste on the thermophysical characteristics of products is shown. The introduction of wastewater sludge from the galvanic industries of Atlant and Belorussian Metallurgical Plant in an amount of 9% promotes the formation of a ceramic structure with a rational ratio of crystalline, liquid and gas phases, which reduces the thermal conductivity of the material while maintaining the required mechanical strength and thermal resistance.

The composition of a complex deflocculant for a ceramic slip based on oxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (OEDPA) and components of a traditional thinner containing water glass and soda was selected. A comparative study of the influence of the proposed deflocculant and deflocculant Reotan SL by Lamberti on the rheological properties of the ceramic slip modified by them and the physical and mechanical properties of the cast samples was carried out. The deflocculant containing HEDPA allows achieving the minimum values ??of slip thixotropy, at which a high rate of casting is maintained for specimens characterized by lower shrinkage and increased strength characteristics.

The IR absorption spectra of boron-containing soil enamels with different contents of lithium oxide Li ₂ О were studied and the coordination state of cations was analyzed taking into account the content of the main components.

Calcium-silicophosphate glass-crystalline coatings on titanium alloys were obtained by slip technology and their properties were investigated. The type and the optimal amount of the suspending additive have been selected to ensure the required properties of the slip. The operating parameters for applying these coatings to titanium alloys have been established.

For deferrization of substandard sands with a mass content of 0.34% Fe2O3, a method of flotation with a steam-air mixture was used according to the scheme "in two jets": from & frac12; parts of the sand separate the foam product I of the flotation stream and mix it with another & frac12; part of the sands - with the second flotation stream. A distinctive feature of the second flotation jet is the use of a mixture of air with hot (> 100 ° C) water vapor as a gas phase, which makes it possible to obtain sands of the VS-030-B grade. The heating steam consumption when using the steam-air flotation technology is 9.7 x middot; 10 ^-4 Gcal / t of sand.