Chemistry of defects and nonequilibrium upon production of pore-free fine-grained oxide ceramics

Methods for the preparation of non-porous fine-crystalline oxide ceramics are considered from the standpoint of the chemistry of defects and nonequilibrium. It is shown that it is necessary to reduce the degree of non-equilibrium of the sintering process by reducing mass transfer due to the introduction of additives that form oxygen vacancies, as well as reducing the likelihood of the appearance of local compaction. Bibliography: 9 titles.