VOL 73, No. 11 (2000)

On the basis of the polariscope-polarimeter, a device has been developed for monitoring residual stresses in building glass blocks, which makes it possible to automate the process of measuring residual stresses, as well as to eliminate the negative effect of the light-scattering coating of the surfaces of a building glass block on the interference pattern of the distribution of residual stresses when assessing the stress state of glass products by the polarization-optical method. Il. 3, bibliography: 5 titles.

The relationship between the conditions for the synthesis of sol-gel powders, their crystallization ability and luminescent properties of crystal phosphors of the composition CaMgSi ₂ O ₆: Ti ⁴⁺ has been established. A comparison of the properties of materials obtained by one- and two-stage heat treatment of gels is carried out. It is shown that the stage of calcination has a positive effect on both the crystallization processes and the luminescent properties of the products, and the temperature of this stage is of decisive importance in optimizing the heat treatment mode. Tab. 2, ill. 6, bibliography: 6 titles.

A variant of evaluating the theoretical values ??of the surface energy of quartz glass and various forms of crystalline silica based on an analysis of the structures of these substances and the experimental determination of the zeta potential of b-quartz and amorphous silica is considered. Il. 3, bibliography: 7 titles.

A new technology for processing silicate melts into a super-thin fiber using high-intensity acoustic vibrations is considered. The physical mechanism of liquid dispersion in the presence of an acoustic ultrasonic field has been investigated. An interpretation of the process of fiber formation in an acoustic ultrasonic field is given from the standpoint of the capillary-wave and cavitation theories. The results of industrial approbation of acoustic blowing using specially designed ejection heads are presented. Il. 1, bibliography: 9 titles.

The results of physicochemical and technological studies of basalt tuffs as a new type of raw material for the manufacture of building ceramics are presented. Tests carried out in production conditions have confirmed the feasibility of using basalt tuffs for the manufacture of building bricks, roof tiles and facade tiles. Il. 2, bibliography: 1 title.

The results of a study of the explosion products of charges of aluminum with HMX, surrounded by a brass sheath, under conditions of complete afterburning in air are presented. The condensed explosion products contain ganite ZnAl ₂ O ₄, a new (metastable) modification of aluminum oxide and zinc oxide in small amounts. The X-ray diffraction pattern of aluminum oxide is indexed in a cubic face-centered lattice with the parameters: a = 7.854 (1) A, V = 484.4 (2) A ³. Possible Fedorov groups are Fm3m, F432 and F43m. Tab. 3, Ill. 1, bibliography: 7 titles.

The conditions and parameters of the synthesis of composite powders of the TiC - TiB ₂ system using high-frequency melting are considered and interpreted as a result of laboratory studies. The main technological parameters of the synthesis are presented. Tab. 2, Ill. 3, bibliography: 1 title.

The analysis of the composition of raw glazes used at the JSC "Plant of Ceramic Products" (Yekaterinburg) and in some European countries for glazing sanitary ware. The reasons for the appearance of dullness in the glaze coating and methods of its elimination are considered. Tab. 2.

Compositions of red glaze, which have a shiny and matte surface, are given. Glazes can be either fritted or jade. Fritting temperature - 800 ° С, firing - 750 - 800 ° С. The complex silicate material Erevanit-10 was used in the composition of the red glaze. Tab. 2.

A titanium borosilicate system containing oxides of alkali metals, as well as oxides of lead, strontium, cadmium, chromium and cobalt, has been studied in order to obtain a low-melting enamel coating for aluminum. The influence of the polyalkali effect, as well as the ratio SiO ₂: TiO ₂, on the electrical conductivity and chemical resistance of glass has been investigated. It is shown that on the basis of this system it is possible to obtain a low-melting (firing temperature 540 - 560 ° C) corrosion-resistant enamel with high electrical resistance. Il. 1, bibliography: 3 titles.

The physical and mechanical properties of sludge from galvanic production have been studied. The possibility of their use as flux in the composition of ceramic masses is shown. Optimal charge compositions with the use of slimes for the manufacture of facade tiles have been developed. Tab. 2, bibliography: 6 titles.

Ceramic pigment, a by-product of autoclave nickel production, was investigated. The good manufacturability and efficiency of glazes with this colorant has been shown. High-quality colored glaze coatings were obtained on porcelain and faience products. The research results are confirmed by industrial tests. Bibliography: 2 titles.

Research has been carried out on the finishing of silicate bricks with glassy coatings using sheet and container glass, including colored, broken glass as a raw material. A decorative glassy coating that is well fixed on the brick surface and has a bond strength of 0.06 - 0.08 MPa with a brick has been obtained. Bibliography: 1 titles.

The reasons for the formation of spots appearing on large mirrors are investigated. Practical recommendations for removing stains are given. Tab. 2, bibliography: 6 titles.