VOL 86, No. 12 (2013)

The results of X-ray phase petrographic analysis and scanning electron microscopy of aluminum hydroxide powders obtained by chemical dispersion of aluminum-magnesium alloys (with a mass fraction in Mg alloys of 0.6, 6 and 12%), as well as powders obtained by calcining these hydroxides. A mechanism for the formation of the structure of powders at various stages of the technological process of its manufacture is proposed: the product of chemical dispersion of the alloy is a powder after heat treatment in air (1400 ° C, 1 h).

Compositions of green, blue and turquoise ceramic pigments have been obtained using the principles of heterovalent atomic substitution based on calcium aluminosilicate anorthite, replacing calcium and silicon ions with transition elements and aluminum using quartz sand from the Navoi deposit, Samarkand chalk and alumina-containing waste of the Shurtan gas chemical complex. The physicochemical properties of pigments have been studied. On the basis of the developed compositions of ceramic dyes, an experimental-industrial batch of decorative majolica was produced.

On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the departments preparing specialists in the field of chemical technology of silicates at the Russian University of Chemical Technology. D.I. Mendeleev. The main events in the history of the departments and their current state are given.

A method is proposed for the synthesis of a sol with a controlled particle size by influencing the parameters of the hydrolytic polycondensation process. The possibilities of sol synthesis by changing the mass, time and temperature parameters of the hydrolysis reaction of tetraethoxysilamine (TEOS), as well as a mixture of TEOS with the product of its partial hydrolysis, ethyl silicate-40 (ETS-40), in the presence of an electrophilic or nucleophilic catalyst were investigated. The size of the particles and the nature of their distribution in the synthesized samples were determined.

The properties of industrial silica sol, such as average particle size and size distribution, are considered. The influence of separation methods (filtration and centrifugal) on the indicated characteristics of silica sol is shown.

It is shown that the experimental mass-operational characteristic of the magnetic control of feldspar ferro-impurities in semilogarithmic coordinates undergoes a "break". An option is given to obtain information about their actual mass fraction, including taking into account the remainder of ferro-impurities, which are not isolated after the completion of a finite number of control operations.

A study of foam glass and glassy materials (polyurethanes) was carried out for their use as oil sorbents. The specific character of the kinetic curves of oil absorption is established, due to the glassy state of the surface, regardless of its nature (inorganic or organic). The promising areas of practical application of the results obtained have been identified.

The influence of metallurgical slags on the drying properties of ceramic masses has been investigated. It has been experimentally established that the use of fine-grained slag helps to reduce the sensitivity of clay raw materials to drying. It was confirmed by electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and simultaneous thermal analysis that the slag grains have a highly developed porous surface, as a result of which part of the water introduced during the formation of ceramic masses is adsorbed on the surface of the slag grains. The role of fine-grained metallurgical slag in ceramic masses as a highly effective lean component is shown.

Sol-gel method from a film-forming solution based on In (NO ₃) ₃ & middot; 4H ₂ O, SnCl ₂ & middot; 2H ₂ O and acetylacetone, thin-film In2O3-Sn materials on glass substrates are obtained, characterized by a transparency of 65 - 83% in the wavelength range of 450 - 800 nm. The composition of the film-forming solution (solvated oligomers -In (Hacac) _n -O-In (Hacac) _n -O-Sn (Hacac) ) _m -O-In (Hacac) _n -O-) and the processes of its formation. Thermal analysis was used to establish the temperature regime of the synthesis of In ₂ O ₃ - Sn films and it was shown that tin (IV) predominates in the oxide phase, which is formed after thermal destruction of a complex tin particle ( II) with acetylacetone and oxidation of SnO to SnO ₂.

In the R system ₂ O - RO - Al ₂ O ₃ - B ₂ O _{3 - SiO 2 (where R 2 O - Na 2 O, K 2 O; RO - CaO , ZnO, MgO, BaO), fritted glazes were obtained for single-fired ceramic tiles. The high molar content of calcium oxide in the glaze glass compositions (12.5? 17.5%) shifts the temperature of formation of coatings to the high-temperature region (1060 - 1100 ° C) and ensures a consistent course of the processes of degassing the ceramic mass and fusing the glaze.}