VOL 78, No. 1 (2005)

The urgency of the study of the hydrodynamics of the melting basin of a glass-making furnace has been substantiated. The basic equations of the numerical model of the basin hydrodynamics are presented. The results of calculating the temperature fields and streamlines for a glass-making furnace with a capacity of 300 tons per day are given. The adequacy of the calculation results to the real operating conditions of the furnace is shown. The developed model of the melting basin hydrodynamics can be used to solve applied problems of designing glass-melting furnaces. Il. 5, bibliography: 12 titles.

Using the concepts of structural elements, the interaction between which determines the properties of glasses, the regularities of the dependence of the refractive index of binary glasses on the composition, some results of mass spectrometric studies of vapors of glasses of the Rb ₂ OB _{2 O 3, as well as the results of studies on small-angle X-ray scattering of glasses of the systems Na 2 O - SiO 2 and Li 2 O - SiO 2. Methods for calculating the refractive index of binary glasses depending on their composition and structure are proposed, examples of such calculations for alkali-silicate glasses are given. Tab. 1, ill. 2, bibliography: 6 titles.}

Refractory clays of the Rostov region and high-alumina technogenic waste were used in the technology of manufacturing refractories ША and ШБ. The influence of the ratio of chamotte and clay, granulometric composition and method of administration has been studied.

The results of dilatometric studies of the sintering process of ceramics based on perlite rock and window glass under isothermal conditions are presented. It is shown that the change in the geometric dimensions of the ceramic during sintering is in close functional relationship with the change in its bulk phase composition. It is advisable to use the parameters characterizing this change in kinetic studies, analysis and mathematical description of the ceramics densification process during sintering. Tab. 5.

The possibility of obtaining ceramic pigments based on natural wollastonite using the gel method, which contributes to the formation of wollastonite of an amorphous structure under the action of hydrochloric acid, has been investigated. As chromophores, we used soluble salts containing ions Fe ³⁺, Ni ²⁺, Cr ³⁺, Cu ^{2 + and Co 2+. In the process of firing, the structure of wollastonite is restored, the color characteristics of pigments that have passed the stage of gelation are improved. The use of the gel method does not require cardinal changes in the technological scheme and the equipment used, but it contributes to a significant improvement in the color properties of pigments and paints. Tab. 2, ill. 2, bibliography: 3 titles.}

The possibility of obtaining colored glazes without the synthesis of iron-containing pigments is considered. The glaze contains the smallest particles of an iron-based alloy, for example, steel, obtained by fine grinding of metalworking waste. Tests of a suspension of glazes based on broken window glass with the addition of white-burning clay and finely ground carbon steel shavings showed that after firing it provides a color coating uniform in color. Bibliography: 8 titles.

Methods for the regeneration and further use of waste products from the production of lead crystal products - diamond cutting slimes, chemical polishing, and neutralization of acidic effluents - have been determined and tested in laboratory conditions. The use of the proposed methods provides additional economic and significant environmental effects, the possibility of producing new types of materials (complex lead-containing raw materials, low-melting glasses, foamed materials). Il. 2, bibliography: 8 titles.

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