VOL 81, No. 10 (2008)

Borogermanate glasses with a molar content of lanthanide oxides of 25% have been synthesized and investigated. It was found that their glass transition temperature t _g is ~ 770 ° C, approximately 200 ° C higher than t _g of laser phosphate glasses. In synthesized glasses, a relatively weak clustering of erbium is realized, the optical centers of which are characterized by high uniformity and a large value (86 - 90 nm) of the effective half-width of the luminescence band ⁴ I _13/2 & # 8594 ; ⁴ I _15/2 Er ³⁺ ions. Il. 5, bibliography: 9 titles.

The process of obtaining a color of the "copper ruby" type by thermochemical treatment with copper-containing reagents of thermally polished glass is considered. The data on the influence of the compositions of working solutions and technological modes on the nature of the color and spectral characteristics of glasses are presented. The process of the formation of a diffusion layer and the influence of various factors on the quality of the resulting "copper ruby" are investigated, and practical recommendations are given for choosing the optimal coloring modes. Il. 5, bibliography: 5 titles.

The results of research on obtaining modern ceramic materials with high performance characteristics are presented. The technological features of creating high-density wear-resistant ceramics based on partially stabilized zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, a mixture of these oxides, dense and porous materials from oxides of aluminum, zirconium, magnesium, silicon carbide, bioactive ceramics based on hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate are considered. The prospects for the use of new ceramic materials for solving modern scientific and technical problems are shown. Il. 4, bibliography: 13 titles.

The influence of neodymium oxide on the formation of the microstructure of hard porcelain and the sintering process is considered. A scheme of the process of structure and phase formation in solid porcelain with the addition of neodymium oxide is proposed. It was found that the introduction of an additive of neodymium oxide into the composition of the porcelain mass and an increase in the firing temperature cause a more active recrystallization of mullite and crystallization of a new formation - neodymium orthosilicate - from the glass phase melt. Tab. 2, ill. 6, bibliography: 9 titles.

The uniformity of the surface of semi-finished products and ceramic products was investigated by the method of capillary suction. A comparison is made of the degree of surface heterogeneity, determined from the rate of liquid absorption by different areas of samples of different shapes, obtained by plastic molding, slip casting and semi-dry pressing. The effect of the firing temperature on the degree of inhomogeneity of the surface of the samples has been established. The method is proposed to be used to assess the water absorption of ceramics. Tab. 1, ill. 6, bibliography: 11 titles.

New moisture-sensitive ceramic materials have been obtained in the Li ₂ MoO ₄ - Li ₂ WO ₄ system. The use of the developed materials as humidity sensors has shown their promise for use in systems for controlling the humidity of gaseous technological media and atmospheric air, for example, in the construction industry, due to their miniature size, speed, high sensitivity and a wide range of operating temperatures and measured relative humidity. Tab. 2, ill. 4, bibliography: 12 titles.

The effect of organic resins on the strength characteristics and pore structure of quartz-liquid glass compositions has been studied. It has been established that the use of liquid glass modified with 5% polyester resin PN-19 as a binder makes it possible to increase the strength by 25 - 30% and reduce the water absorption of the material by 40%. The total porosity of the modified composition is reduced by 30% compared to the non-additive one, as well as the average pore size decreases and pores with a size of 0 - 0.2 mm completely disappear. Tab. 1, ill. 4, bibliography: 1 title.

The diffusion rate of calcium ion in multicomponent systems varies depending on the composition of mutually diffusing systems, properties of oxide-salt melts, temperature and duration of sintering. With the interaction of microvolumes of clinker granules of different composition, the process of silicate formation is activated with an increase in the mobility of the Ca ion ²⁺, which increases when liquidating zones of halide-sulfate composition appear in the melt by 3 - 40 times, depending on the content of salt systems. Tab. 3, ill. 5, bibliography: 8 titles.

The main methods of obtaining porous vitreous and glass-crystalline materials are considered and analyzed by the example of bioactive materials for bone endoprosthetics. The possibility of using the sol-gel technology for the formation of porous structures according to the developed 3D model is shown. Tab. 1, ill. 2, bibliography: 9 titles.

An overview of methods for the manufacture of porous materials is given. The optimal methods for the manufacture of porous materials based on calcium phosphates, including those for use as bone implants, are shown. Bibliography: 20 titles.

Changes in the compositions of thermal protective and antioxidant coatings for composite materials based on C / SiC are considered. Data on the compositions and properties of two-, three- and multilayer coatings are given. The mechanism of the protective action of some compositions is highlighted. The prospects of using new compositions of protective coatings to increase the operating temperature of composite materials are shown. Tab. 2, ill. 5, bibliography: 17 titles.

The development of the glass industry in recent years is analyzed. The dynamics of investments in the industry of large-tonnage glass production and technical re-equipment of the industry in 2005-2007 are shown. The trend of investments in the glass industry is determined despite the relative increase in the payback period of the newly commissioned factories. Tab. 1, ill. 4.