VOL 85, No. 3 (2012)

Compositions of mixes have been developed to obtain tiles for interior wall cladding based on local raw materials: low-melting polymineral clay from the Gaidukovka deposit, dolomite from the Ruba deposit, granitoid screenings from the Mikashevichskoe deposit and quartz sand from the Gomel GOK, as well as refractory kaolin brand DNPK and imported from Ukraine KS-1. The properties, phase composition and structure of the tiles have been studied. The resulting ceramic tiles have high physical and chemical characteristics.

The results of thermodynamic modeling of solid-phase processes occurring during the firing of volumetric light-colored ceramic bricks obtained on the basis of refractory clay and artificial flux are presented. The results of thermodynamic calculations were confirmed with the help of X-ray studies of ceramic samples. The regularities of the process of phase formation of ceramic bricks made with the use of artificial flux are given.

It was determined by X-ray phase and electron microscopic methods of analysis that wollastonite and anorthite give the strength properties to the ceramic facings of the Shakhi-Zinda ensemble. In addition, the presence of isothermal pores and oval closed porosity in the ceramic facings of the Shakhi-Zinda ensemble contribute to an increase in durability.

Black ceramic pigments based on open-hearth slag were obtained. The assessment of the possibility and sequence of physical and chemical processes during the firing of pigment mixtures has been carried out, and the nature of the color-bearing phases in the products of their heat treatment has been revealed. The relationship between the crystal phase composition and the optical indicators of the developed slag-containing pigments has been studied. The prospects of using such pigments for coloring various glaze coatings are shown.

A review of studies on the nature of the most effective methods for regulating the liquefaction and fluidity of kaolin from the Zhuravliny Log deposit is presented. The data on the material, mineral and micro-aggregate compositions of different types of kaolin, as well as the features of the morphology and crystal-chemical properties of kaolinite are presented. It is shown that microaggregates of kaolin consist of a mixture of kaolinite of different sizes: from large to small with an average degree of ordering, up to superfine and X-ray amorphous.

Plasticizing additives "Litoplast M" contribute to the production of a plastic clay mass with optimal molding properties. The introduction of these modifiers leads to an increase in mechanical strength, a decrease in the value of open porosity and water absorption of the finished product.

A comprehensive study of the compositions and properties of primary kaolins of the deposits of the Republic of Belarus "Sitnitsa" and "Dedovka" has been carried out. The fractional mineralogical and chemical composition, phase transformations upon heating, dilatometric characteristics and properties of kaolin raw materials have been studied. The relationship between the degree of conditionality, structure and physicochemical characteristics was established, which made it possible to recommend the most rational methods of enrichment of the studied kaolin raw materials.