VOL 85, No. 8 (2012)

A review of works on the structure of silicate and glass melts is carried out using the provisions of synergetics, cluster and fractal concepts. With this in mind, some features of industrial technological processes and operational reliability of products are considered.

The effect of acoustic vibrations in the cavitation mode on a high-temperature high-viscosity slag melt has been experimentally evaluated. A significant increase in the crystallization ability of the melt after its ultrasonic treatment was established, which may be associated with the depolymerization of the silicon-oxygen framework of the silicate melt and the creation of a developed interface between the gaseous and liquid phases in the melt. It is shown that acoustic treatment promotes the dispersion of a refractory solid phase in the melt.

Basalt and granitoid rocks have been investigated as components of raw materials for producing ceramic tiles for interior wall cladding. The combined introduction of granitoids and basalts contributes to an increase in the mechanical strength of the tiles in bending while maintaining the set of required physical and chemical properties and improving the quality of sintering.

The results of a study of the effect of pore space and microcracks on the strength of ceramics are presented.

An information-analytical study of the technology of metallization of ceramics from aluminum nitride has been carried out. At domestic and foreign enterprises, work is widely carried out on the development of thin-film and thick-film technology for metallization of ceramics from AlN. Various electronic products have been created using metallized AlN products.

Titanium enamel for steel cookware has been developed, the composition of which contains a reduced amount of fluorides and boric anhydride in comparison with industrial enamel ESP-117. A comparative analysis of the chemical stability of enamel frits and coatings based on them is carried out. The composition of the developed enamel differs from the industrial enamel ESP-117 in its increased chemical resistance.

Multiphase ceramics were obtained from calcium phosphate powders synthesized using mechanical activation from sodium pyrophosphate and soluble calcium salts (acetate, nitrate, chloride). Powders after synthesis from sodium pyrophosphate and calcium acetate or calcium nitrate were a mixture of double calcium-sodium phosphate, unreacted calcium salt and a by-product of the reaction (NaNO ₃ or NaCH ₃ COO)... The powders after synthesis from sodium pyrophosphate and calcium chloride were a mixture of amorphous calcium phosphate and a by-product NaCl. The phase composition of the samples after heat treatment depended on the firing temperature and the composition of the initial powders. Ca ₂ P ₂ O ₇, Na ₂ CaP _{2 < / sub> O 7, NaCaPO 4, Ca 3 (PO 4) 2.}