VOL 87, No. 10 (2014)

The influence of mechanical activation of the charge on the glass-making process and the homogeneity of the obtained glass is considered. The object of research is refractory sitall glass. Mechanical activation of the charge was carried out by fine grinding it in a planetary mill to a specific surface area of ??the resulting powder of 0.9 m ² / g. It is shown that in the activated charge the processes of silicate and glass formation are shifted by 50 - 150 ° C towards lower temperatures. A mechanically activated charge makes it possible to synthesize a glass that is more homogeneous in composition than an unactivated charge, which ensures the production of a sitall with a highly homogeneous glass-crystalline structure.

The effect of oxides of phosphorus, lithium and barium on the crystallization properties of lithium aluminum silicate glasses and the thermal properties of sitalls obtained on their basis is considered, the compositions and temperature-time conditions for obtaining transparent sitalls are established.

A rational temperature-time regime for obtaining an alkaline concentrate based on quartz and caustic has been determined, its physicochemical properties and influence on glassmaking processes have been investigated, the possibility of using an alkaline concentrate with complete replacement of glass sand and soda in the composition of the glass batch has been substantiated.

Phase transformations have been studied in samples of composite ceramics of the ZrO ₂ (Y) - Al ₂ O ₃ system, which differ in the porosity value and the content of the stabilizing yttrium impurity, in depending on their storage time at room temperature. It is shown that a decrease in the molar content of yttrium oxide in the zirconium phase of a porous composite leads to a sharp acceleration of the processes of its low-temperature aging. Phase transitions in the aged composite in the temperature range of 30 - 600 ° C were investigated by dilatometry.

Based on the results of mathematical modeling, the average and maximum heating temperatures of the side walls of the working space of a glass-melting furnace with a specific glass removal rate of 2.9 t / (m ²? Day) were determined. The influence of thermal resistance of masonry on heat loss to the environment is considered. An energy-efficient structure of thermal insulation of baddeleyite-corundum masonry has been developed, which ensures a decrease in specific heat losses to 400 W / m ².

The issues of design and manufacture of equipment for departments and sections for the processing of silica-containing raw materials are considered. A project of an enterprise for the enrichment of quartz sand from the Pisarevskoye deposit in the Nizhny Novgorod region is presented.

It is noted that maintaining within a given level of the content of iron oxides in glass and the optimal ratio between oxides of ferrous and ferric iron increases the efficiency of glass furnaces. More stringent requirements for the quality of raw materials for the production of float glass have been formulated. The magnitude of fluctuations of iron oxides in the raw material and its influence on the stability of the melting and glass production process have been revealed and analyzed. The technique of introducing an iron-containing component (crocus) into the charge to smooth out sharp fluctuations of iron oxides in the raw material is described. The relationship between changes in the temperature of the gas space, molten glass in the furnace and the total consumption of gas fuel with the nature of changes in the amount of FeO and Fe ₂ O ₃ is indicated.

The study of monitoring data for the production of flat glass using the methods of dispersion and regression analyzes, which allows to identify the reasons for the decline in quality and the appearance of defects, to establish cause-and-effect relationships between technological factors and indicators of product quality. The efficiency of the use of the technique is shown on the example of the analysis of waste from annealing of sheet glass.