VOL 87, No. 12 (2014)

The composition of oxide silicate glass and the modes of its synthesis and heat treatment, at which nanocrystals of bismuth selenide are formed in the glass, have been found. Three different methods: X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman scattering and electron microscopy identified the crystalline phase of bismuth selenide nanocrystals with a characteristic size of about 20 nm. The data on the absorption spectra of the obtained glass samples in the range of 400 - 3300 nm are also presented.

The process of synthesis of slag foam glass is investigated using mathematical modeling. Software has been developed that allows one to study the temperature-time field of the charge during its heating. The data obtained made it possible to establish the optimal mode for the synthesis of slag foam glass, the reliability of which has been verified experimentally.

Electrospark sintering (SPS) is used to create fine-grained ceramics based on nanosized powders of 14 different oxides (zinc, copper, chromium, cobalt, tungsten, magnesium, niobium, titanium, aluminum, yttrium, zirconium, etc.). A comparison is made of the microhardness of ceramics obtained both by the SPS method and by the traditional method. The microhardness of ceramics obtained by the SPS method is significantly higher than the microhardness of ceramics obtained by the traditional method.

The possibilities of obtaining aluminosilicate finishing materials for interior decoration of buildings and structures and facade tiles using the hyper pressing method are considered. The influence of the main technological factors on the properties of finishing materials and the processes of structure formation of building ceramics fired at different temperatures has been investigated.

An analysis of the use of refractory products in an electric glass furnace is carried out. The prospects of using chromium-corundum ceramic refractories in electric furnaces on the basis of their operating experience are noted.

The results of a theoretical study of the process of impregnation of glass fibers in the manufacture of highly filled composites by pultrusion are presented. The criterion is the maximum intensity of the technological process. An analytical study of the intensity depending on the main physical factors is proposed.

Possibilities of improving the electroflotation technology of wastewater treatment at enterprises of the ceramic industry are considered. Solutions related to the action of flocculants, optimization of the design of the electroflotation apparatus and modes of its operation are analyzed. It is shown that the use of new approaches can improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment, reduce energy costs and ensure compliance with the requirements of the best available technologies established for large enterprises for the production of ceramic products.

The efficiency of iron removal in the biochemical method of kaolin processing depends on the particle size of iron minerals, their magnetic properties and structural organization - weakly crystallized and crystalline magnetically ordered. It has been shown that preliminary disaggregation of kaolin particles during wet grinding and bioreduction of Fe (III) during storage of a kaolin suspension with the subsequent conversion of iron compounds from weakly magnetic and hardly soluble to soluble or highly magnetic promotes the removal of iron from kaolin. The advantage of combining storage of a suspension of kaolin with washing of kaolin with ammonium oxalate followed by magnetic separation has been revealed.

Electrically conductive coatings for photovoltaic cells containing carbon nanotubes and other carbon nanostructures and SnO ₂ have been obtained. The surface of the coating samples at all stages of synthesis was studied using a set of complementary physicochemical methods for studying the composition and structure of substances and materials: X-ray phase analysis (XPA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical microscopy, UV- , visible spectroscopy. In addition, the surface resistance of the obtained coatings was measured. It was found that the obtained coatings SnO ₂ -nanocarbon material based on nanotubes has the lowest electrical resistance.