VOL 88, No. 3 (2015)

Data on the structure of bismuth borate glasses containing oxides of elements of the second group are presented. It was found that in all bismuth borate glasses, boron ions are present in two coordination states, forming complexes from the [BO ₃] and [BO ₄] groups. Bi ₂ O ₃ at a mass content in glasses of 20 - 40% does not actively influence the structural state of boron ions. The main bismuth-oxygen structural groups are [BiO ₆].

The possibility of using the investment ring in the charge for green glass containers has been confirmed. It was found that it is most rational to introduce a flask instead of feldspar concentrate, while its share in the charge reaches 40%. Caustification of glass mixtures with flask improves their physical and mechanical characteristics and significantly increases their chemical activity. On the basis of the investment ring (diatomite, perlite), affordable energy-efficient technologies can be developed.

The grinding processes of the compositions ZnO / CaO / Al (OH) ₃, Zn ₄ CO ₃ have been studied by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. (OH) ₆ / CaO / Al (OH) ₃, MgO / CaO / Al (OH) ₃ in a vibrating mill. The formation of a new phase Ca (Zn ₂ (OH) ₆) in the form of prismoid crystals was found in mixtures with ZnO. It was found that the grinding process is accompanied by hydration of the particle surface, which is the reason for the equalization of the basic properties of the compositions. It is shown that the nature of the change in the parameters of the crystal structure of gibbsite is influenced by its amount in the composition.

The introduction of foam glass production waste into clay-containing mixtures contributes to the formation of a strongly porous fragmentary structure in the composite material. The influence of the textural and structural features of composites on their physical and mechanical properties is considered.

The possibility of creating glass-ceramic coatings in the BaO - Al ₂ О ₃ - SiO ₂ system for high-temperature gas-static treatment of heat-resistant nickel alloys is shown. The physicochemical and technological properties of glass-ceramic coatings have been investigated, and the efficiency of their application in the gas-static treatment of nickel alloys has been shown.

The possibility of modifying natural zeolites with bismuth salts and their effect on electrical properties has been investigated. The absence of phase transitions at the melting point of bismuth was found.

Heat-insulating ceramic materials based on waste oil shale without the use of traditional raw materials have been obtained. The character of phase transformations during firing of ceramic materials has been studied. It was shown that at a temperature of 950 ° C the resulting liquid phase initiates the onset of crystallization of mullite at a firing temperature of 1050 ° C.

Porous ceramics based on biogenic hydroxyapatite (Osteoapatite Ceramic®, Ukraine) and pyrogenic silicon dioxide (Aerosil® 200, Germany) were obtained at a temperature of 600 ° C. It was found that the introduction of silicon dioxide in an amount of 2 - 5% (mass fraction in terms of silicon) significantly changes the structure of the ceramics, making it more finely dispersed and porous (48.5%). The compressive strength of Si-modified ceramics is 11 - 13 MPa, and the solubility in physiological solution is 0.17 - 0.23% / day.

Examples of the use of glass in modern garden compositions are considered and a classification of glass objects used in the organization of park spaces is proposed.