VOL 98, No. 5 (2025)

In this paper, we show fast femtosecond laser writing of birefringent waveplates in nanoporous glass (NPG) volume. The possibility of laser writing acceleration on the order of magnitude is shown in NPG relative to fused silica. In situ measurements of birefringent plate retardance are performed for heating and cooling stages in the 20…650 ?С temperature range. Femtosecond laser-written birefringent elements are found to have greater thermal stability relative to conventional crystal quartz plates in highly varying temperature environments. The obtained results are of particular interest to the industrial fabrication of laser-written phase optics elements in NPG.

The influence of diamond grinding modes on the structure and mechanical properties of ceramics based on zirconium dioxide stabilized with magnesium oxide has been studied. Powders of the composition ZrO2 – 6 mol. % MgO was obtained by chemical co-precipitation from solutions of zirconium and magnesium chloride salts. The blanks of the samples were made by cold isostatic pressing at maximum pressures of 55 and 200 MPa, followed by sintering at a temperature of 1700 ?C for 4 hours. The resulting blanks (both porous and high-density) were machined with different cutting depths in the range of 0.003…0.010 mm. It was found that the surface roughness of the samples increased with increasing cutting depth. After mechanical processing of high-density samples obtained at a maximum pressure of 200 MPa, conditions are created on their surface for the implementation of a phase transition. Grinding promotes the transition of the tetragonal phase of zirconium dioxide (t-ZrO2) to the monoclinic phase (m-ZrO2) on the surface of the samples, which leads to an increase in the critical stress intensity coefficient (K1c) from 4.3 to 6.4 MPa·m1/2. Mechanical processing of samples with an open porosity of 3.0…3.5 % obtained by pressing at a maximum pressure of 55 MPa does not lead to phase transformations on their surface and K1c remains within the margin of error.

This article describes the process of obtaining VK94-1 ceramics modified with zirconium dioxide ZrO2, in order to determine and compare such properties of the resulting composite material as: apparent density, mechanical bending strength and Vickers hardness (microhardness) with the properties of ceramics VK94-1, as well as the effect on these properties of changes in the percentage of zirconium dioxide in the samples. The influence of the firing temperature on the sintering of samples has been studied. Samples with different component ratios VK94-1/ZrO2 (90/10, 80/20, 70/30) were pressed on an isostatic press at a pressure of 150 MPa. The firing was carried out at different temperatures: 1500, 1550 and 1600 ?C in different firing mediums.

The technology of plasma synthesis of ceramic pigment based on vanadium waste has been developed. The chemical and phase composition of the pigment has been studied. The effect of a pigment based on waste on the aesthetic and consumer properties of wall ceramics has been studied. The CIE L*a*b* system defines the color characteristics of wall ceramics.

The paper presents the results of investigation of polycrystalline powders and films of CsCu?Br? and CsCu?I? compounds obtained by vacuum thermal evaporation. X-ray phase analysis confirmed the formation of single-phase films which correspond well to the initial compositions. The microstructure of the films was studied by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that CsCu?I? and CsCu?Br? films consist of rounded crystals ranging in size from tens nanometers to 200 nm. The obtained results confirm the potential of compounds CsCu?Br? and CsCu?I? for its application in the field of optoelectronics, however, it is necessary to increase the duration of sputtering of materials to form thicker and more continuous films.

An overview of the dielectric properties of ceramic materials based on solid solutions of alkali-earth metal titanates with a perovskite structure is presented. The ranges of solubility of the components of two- and three-phase solid solutions are determined and the influence of the component concentration ratios, production methods and technological parameters on the dielectric properties of ceramics is shown. Based on the literature data, a three-component phase diagram for BaTiO3, CaTiO3, and SrTiO3 was compiled for the first time, which shows the relative permittivity values characteristic of various regions in the phase diagram. It was found that ceramics with a content of Ba2+ > 40 mol. %, Sr2+ < 60 mol. % and Ca2+ < 40 mol. % have the highest values of relative permittivity (>700), and an increase in the proportion of Sr2+ and Ca2+ leads to its significant decrease.

The article briefly provides basic information about the 26th International Exhibition “World of Glass” held in Moscow, which was directly attended by more 200 companies from 10 countries. New technologies of production and quality control of glass products, the main structural elements of glass furnaces, methods of their high-quality production were demonstrated. Examples of the most successful enterprises of the glass industry are given.