The conditions for the sintering of materials of the CaO - SiO 2 system and their influence on the properties that control the sintering process have been studied. The conditions for obtaining porous and sufficiently strong material samples with an open porosity of 45% and a compressive strength of 57 MPa, pressed at a specific pressure of 10 MPa, have been determined. Tab. 1, ill. 1, bibliography: 8 titles.
The results of studies on the modifying effect of small additives on synthesis, sintering, structure and properties of crystalline phases of ceramic materials of the MgO - Al 2 O 3 - SiO 2 and other oxide systems. Structural and energy criteria for assessing and predicting the effect of additives are proposed. Examples of the practical use of a preliminary assessment of the modifying effect of additives in silicate and oxide systems in the preparation of ceramics and ceramic pigments are given. Tab. 2, ill. 2, bibliography: 14 titles.
The results of studies on the use of unconventional materials as raw materials for the production of ceramic pigments are summarized. It is noted that wide opportunities are provided by the use of natural minerals - calcium-magnesium silicates and aluminosilicates, which can serve as both basic and transitional crystalline structures. New methods of pigment synthesis are considered. Bibliography: 14 titles.
The phase characteristics in the technology of production of materials based on dispersed systems are considered, which make it possible to visualize the process of transformation of structures throughout the entire technological cycle and to identify the required level and method of impacts on the system in order to optimally conduct one stage or another, an operation that ensures the formation of optimal structures and obtaining the final product with the desired properties. Tab. 1, ill. 3, bibliography: 1 title.
The features of application of ultrafine electroexplosive metal powders in powder metallurgy and ceramics technologies are considered. The possibility of activating the processes of sintering and the synthesis of some complex oxides and silicates is shown. The influence of metal additives on hardness, strength and other properties of materials has been established. In the combustion mode of the oxide-metal mixture, reinforced powder and monolithic compositions were obtained. Tab. 2, ill. 7, bibliography: 10 titles.
Compositions of aluminosilicate microspheres from TPP ash and slag have been studied. Correlation-regression analysis of criteria characterizing the structure of glasses was carried out. The role of the components and the tendency of the influence of structure connectivity, internal porosity, molar volumes of oxides, aluminosilicate and silicate modules on the hydrogen permeability of microspheres are established. A composition has been determined that is promising for the design of compositions of glass microspheres - gas containers. Tab. 2, ill. 3, bibliography: 13 titles.
The possibility of obtaining low-melting glazes for decorative and artistic ceramics without cooking frit has been investigated. It has been shown that it is possible to obtain a transparent glaze layer at a firing temperature of no more than 1000 ° C by preliminary heat treatment of the finely ground feedstock at a temperature of 900 ° C followed by its grinding. Tab. 3, bibliography: 2 titles.
Using optical absorption spectra, PCL, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and an electron probe in inert and reducing atmospheres (at high temperatures), a strong chemical interaction of beryllium ceramic crucibles with metal melts containing f-elements has been established. Beryllium oxide in the diffusion zone is reduced in places to a metallic state, which leads to the destruction of the walls of ceramic crucibles. This limits the use of these crucibles for melting alloys containing rare earth metals. Il. 2, bibliography: 6 titles.
Two types of highly porous ceramics of mullite-silica composition - fibrous and granular structure - are considered. The main properties of the materials obtained are presented and the areas of their application are determined. Tab. 1, ill. 4, bibliography: 1 title.
A method is proposed for producing ZrO 2 microfibers by precipitation of zirconium hydroxide from zirconium-containing aqueous solutions of salts, followed by calcining to dioxide. A laboratory technological scheme for the production of zirconium dioxide microfibers has been developed. Il. 7, bibliography: 2 titles.
