The mechanism of the process of polymerization of ethyl silicate gels catalyzed by hydrochloric, nitric and orthophosphoric acids has been studied. The influence of the ratio of ethyl silicate: water in hydrolysates on the phase composition and optical properties of the heat-treated powder has been investigated. The synthesis of opal during the heat treatment of ethyl silicate gels is noted, and the mechanism of its formation is proposed. It is shown that the formation of an opal structure in gels retards the crystallization of cristobalite during heat treatment. Il. 3, bibliography: 9 titles.
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