VOL 85, No. 1 (2012)

The features of sintering processes of ceramic materials of the Y - ZrO ₂ - Al ₂ O ₃ system of various initial structural modifications (tetragonal or cubic) have been studied. The influence of the pressure of cold isostatic pressing on the bulk density of such materials subjected to high-temperature firing has been established. Il. 5, bibliography: 4 titles.

It has been established that the most informative and universal method for determining the biocidal properties of glass coatings is a quantitative method that takes into account the growth rate of biotest microorganisms inoculated into liquid nutrient media. It has been shown that glass-crystalline and glass-composite coatings based on glasses of the Na ₂ O - CaO - ZnO - TiO ₂ - Al ₂ O ₃ - P ₂ O ₅ - B ₂ O _{3 < / sub> - SiO 2 is determined by the presence of calcium phosphates and zinc titanates in their structure, as well as a bactericidal filler zinc phosphate. The investigated biocidal glass-crystalline and glass-composite coatings can be used to protect enameled steel dishes for various purposes, depending on their inhibitory effect. Tab. 1, ill. 1, bibliography: 15 titles.}

The sol-gel method from film-forming solutions based on tetraethoxysilane and phosphoric acid solutions, with the addition of calcium and sodium salts, thin structured films were obtained in SiO ₂ - P ₂ O ₅ - CaO - (Na ₂ O) at mass content,%: 10-85 SiO ₂, 5-40 Р _{2 O 5, 10-50 CaO, 10 Na 2 O. The physicochemical processes in solutions, which cause the transition of true solutions to colloidal ones through successive states of sol and gel, have been studied. The criterion of the film-forming ability - the viscosity of solutions - was established, and the critical value of the viscosity for obtaining high-quality films was determined. The formation of oxide systems in the films occurs during firing up to a temperature of 600 ° C. The structure of the films was investigated by infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray phase analysis. The surface of the films obtained is characterized by a developed relief and porosity, which allows one to expect high adhesion properties of the surface. The thickness of the films obtained does not exceed 90 nm. Tab. 1, ill. 5, bibliography: 6 titles.}

Calcium hydroxyapatite (HAP) powder is synthesized from an aqueous solution of potassium hydrogen phosphate and a suspension of calcium hydroxide in an aqueous solution containing calcium and potassium ions, hydroxide ions and acetate ions. The amount of Ca (OH) ₂ in the calcium-containing component was 50, 75 and 100%. The synthesized HAP powder was used to obtain ceramics. Ceramics after firing at 700 ° C from HAP powder containing a by-product of the reaction had a density of 2.0 - 2.6 g / cm ³ and a flexural strength of 35 - 45 MPa at a grain size of 200 nm. The phase composition was represented by HAP and double calcium orthophosphate of potassium. Ceramics based on HAP, after firing at 1200 ° C from a powder that does not contain a by-product of the reaction, had a density of 2.2 - 2.3 g / cm ³ and a flexural strength of 45 - 55 MPa at a grain size 500 - 1000 nm. Tab. 2, ill. 11, bibliography: 14 titles.

The results of the study are presented and the reasons for the instability of the high quality of float glass at a high level of equipment and technology used in the production of glass are analyzed. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that it is impossible to achieve a consistently high quality of the final product without solving the problem of improving the quality of raw materials used in the production of the charge. The most effective (according to the authors) way of solving this problem is proposed - tightening the requirements for the raw materials produced for the glass batch with the setting of high and stable quality characteristics. Tab. 1, ill. 2, bibliography: 5 titles.

Models based on neural networks, describing the process of annealing a moving strip of sheet glass in a tunnel oven, have been developed. The problem of annealing temperature control is formulated. Simulation modeling shows the effectiveness of the control algorithm in comparison with manual control of the annealing process. The implementation of a decision support system for a production technologist is described. Tab. 1, ill. 2, bibliography: 2 titles.

On the example of the analysis of articles of the heat balance of glass-melting furnaces with a horseshoe-shaped flame, methods of increasing the thermal efficiency of industrial glass-making are considered. The possibility of developing glass-melting container glass furnaces with the world level of energy efficiency is shown. Tab. 3, ill. 1, bibliography: 7 titles.