VOL 86, No. 4 (2013)

On the example of glasses of the R ₂ O - Ga ₂ O ₃ - SiO ₂ - GeO _{2 (R = Li, Na), activated by Ni ²⁺, the mechanism of the emergence of broadband luminescence in the near-IR region of the spectrum during their nanostructuring at the initial stages of phase separation is described.}

A technique is proposed for the formation by a laser beam of nanostructured waveguides with broadband luminescence in the near-IR region with a maximum at 1300 - 1450 nm, in glass with the composition (molar content,%) 7.5 Li ₂ O; 2.5 Na ₂ O; 20 Ga ₂ O ₃; 35 GeO ₂; 35 SiO ₂ alloyed with 0.1 - 0.5% NiO. A self-limiting mechanism of laser heating is demonstrated, which prevents further growth of the formed nanocrystals. The results of the study are of interest for the development of active elements of integrated optics.

A new approach to the preparation of functional glass-ceramics based on potassium niobate from an amorphous precursor obtained by rapid cooling of a melt containing small additives of the SiO ₂ glass-former is considered. The KNbO3 glass-ceramics obtained by the glass-crystalline technology favorably differs from its traditional analogue by the reduced values ??of tan ?; in the entire region of existence of the ferroelectric phase (below 410 ° C), which determines its advantage for a number of applications.

It is shown that the glasses of the system (Ln _x Y _1-x) ₂ O ₃ - Al ₂ O ₃ - B ₂ O ₃ are a promising matrix for obtaining highly doped active media with low-efficiency concentration quenching of luminescence.

A technique has been developed for the preparation of a charge, cooking, production and modification of the structure of phosphate glass on a nanoscale by introducing gold nanoparticles. Samples of glasses with different contents of phosphorus oxide have been synthesized.

The possibility of synthesizing composites based on Sr-anorthite glass ceramics with the addition of BN _hex, ?-Si ₃ N ₄, ? ; -Si ₃ N ₄ and TiC. The introduction of BN _hex particles provides a decrease in the dielectric constant of Sr-anorthite glass ceramics. The use of silicon nitride powders makes it possible to increase the fracture toughness of the matrix. Reinforcement with TiC particles leads to an increase in the elastic modulus, microhardness, and a decrease in the friction coefficient of composites.

The principal possibility of using the flask of the Kyngrak deposit to obtain heat-insulating foam glass using a technology that excludes the glass melting process has been established. The optimal sintering temperature, the dispersion of the powder and the mass content of the sodium hydroxide additive, which ensure the formation of an amorphous foam material from the flask during heat treatment, have been determined.

The regularities of the behavior of silicon- and aluminum-containing calcium phosphate glasses and glass-crystalline materials in aqueous and physiological media from the point of view of their use as an implantation material for bone endoprosthetics and implantology are considered.