VOL 88, No. 1 (2015)

The dynamics of phase transformations and self-organization processes during the formation of sitalls of metasilicate composition have been investigated. Nanosized microliquation of the original glasses was established. A model of the nucleation mechanism with the participation of substitution reactions is presented. The uniformity of reactions during phase transitions has been established. The value of the golden ratio for sitalls of the sikam class has been experimentally revealed, which characterizes the achievement of a harmonious structural-energy level.

The principles of creating thin metal patterns in the surface layer of glass with a resolution of 10 microns using the methods of contact and explosive photolithography are presented. The possibility of using this technology in the production of metal photomasks for micro- and optoelectronics without the use of labor-intensive operations that are currently used, as well as letter and digital images of any size and configuration, is shown.

A nanocomposite based on corundum ceramics, containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (up to 50% by volume) as a reinforcing element, has been obtained by spark plasma sintering. The structure of the obtained material was investigated by methods of optical and electron microscopy, the modulus of elasticity and crack resistance were measured, which are 3 times higher than the corresponding characteristics of pure aluminum oxide.

The idea of ??using a ceramic-metal binder with a high content of metal filler in the production of mullite-corundum ceramics with a low sintering temperature is proposed. The optimal composition of this material has been determined. It was revealed that the aluminum present in the ceramic-metal binder is completely oxidized and reacts with metakaolinite and quartz to form mullite.

New compositions of ceramic mass using gabbro-dolerite and moderately red-burning clay are presented. Mathematical modeling was carried out to determine the optimal raw material composition. The optimum temperature for single firing of ceramic tiles of a new composition has been determined. The features of the course of the processes occurring during firing were investigated using a complex of physicochemical studies.

The results of studies on the possibility of using fiberglass plastics based on heterocyclic polymers and silica glass fabrics as heat-shielding materials are presented. Thermal, mechanical, thermophysical, radiotechnical and ablation properties have been determined in comparison with similar properties of traditional heat-shielding materials based on phenol-formaldehyde and organosilicon resins. It is shown that plastics based on heterocyclic polymers are of undoubted interest for the creation of new heat-shielding materials on their basis.

A mechanized technology for the production of large-sized fiberglass products by spraying has been developed. The technical feasibility and economic feasibility of using composite materials based on unsaturated polyester resins and glass roving for the production of large-sized items for various purposes using an accessible technology is shown.

Highly porous cellular materials for filtration of aluminum melts based on mineral resources and industrial waste of Uzbekistan have been obtained. It is shown that when using the method of impregnation of a polymer framework, permeability is primarily determined by the porosity of polyurethane foam, and the mechanical strength largely depends on the phase composition of the ceramic base and the amount of electrolyte in the slip. The materials obtained have a permeability coefficient of (1.4 - 1.7) x middot; 10 ^-9 m ², density 0.4 - 0.45 g / cm ³, compressive strength not less than 1 MPa.

A method of cooling the baddeleyite-corundum masonry of a cooking basin using a perforated surface for air outflow is considered. The results of calculating jet heat transfer and heat transfer to the environment are presented. Recommendations are given on the choice of parameters for the ventilation system of the masonry, characterized by a 4-fold reduction in air consumption compared to the traditional method of cooling.