VOL 88, No. 6 (2015)

The problem of glass strength remains relevant both for special transport and aviation products, and for glass products used in architecture and construction. In practice, the strength of glass is two orders of magnitude lower than its theoretically possible strength. The task of the researchers is to search for methods of glass hardening that would eliminate such a large gap between theoretical and actual values ??of strength. The most studied methods are those that increase the strength of glass due to compressive stresses on the surface of the glass. The main direction of increasing the strength is to obtain a defect-free glass macrostructure.

The possibility of laser crystallization of lithium-niobium silicate glasses by means of nanosecond laser pulses in the visible and UV ranges has been demonstrated. Irradiation of glasses with the composition (molar fraction,%): 32 Li ₂ O; 26 Nb ₂ O ₅; 42 SiO ₂ was carried out using a copper vapor laser operating at a sum frequency at a wavelength of 271 nm. Visible radiation was applied to glass containing an additional 1.5% (moles) Nd ₂ O ₃. According to confocal Raman spectroscopy, the resulting crystal structures are ferroelectric lithium niobate LiNbO ₃

The effect of mechanical dispersion on quartz sand using a centrifugal planetary mill AGO-2 has been investigated. It is shown that at a constant grinding time, but at different intensities of action in the surface layer of sand particles, amorphization of the surface occurs, disordering of the layers, according to FTIR spectroscopy, and a change in some bond angles in the SiO4 tetrahedron. Measurement of the thermal effect of the phase transition & # 945; - in the & # 946; -crystalline modification of quartz showed that the magnitude of the thermal effect of the transition is reduced for the most powerful impact (50 Hz) by about 25%

Sintering of advanced materials. Fundamentals and processes / еd. by ZZ Fang. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010.483 p. Belyakov A.V. Synergetic and quasi-chemical approaches in ceramics technology // Glass and ceramics. 2003.? 9, p. 21? 27. Belyakov AV Synergetic and Quasichemical Approaches in Ceramic Technology (A Review) // Glass and Ceram. 2003. V. 60. N 9? 10.P. 274? 279. Belyakov A. V., Bakunov V. S. Evolution of structure in the process of ceramics technology // New refractories. 2006.? 2.S. 55? 62. Toropov N. A., Barzakovsky V. P., Lapin V. V. et al. State diagrams of silicate systems: a reference book. Issue 3. Triple silicate systems. L .: Nauka, 1972.448 p. Balkevich V.L. Technical ceramics. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1984.256 p. Bakunov V.S., Vu Ngok Kyong, Agafonova M.I. et al. Research of the properties of synthetic mullite ceramics depending on purity // Ogneupory. 1974.? 4.S. 32? 38. A.S. 1078824. Method of obtaining spodumene ceramics / E. V. Bendovskaya, I. Ya. Guzman, A. V. Belyakov // Bul. 2006.? 4. AS 1071607. Method of obtaining mullite ceramics / V. L. Balkevich, A. V. Belyakov, E. R. Men'kova // Bul. 1983.? 5. Toropov NA, Barzakovsky VP, Lapin VV, Kurtseva NN State diagrams of silicate systems: a reference book. Issue 1. Binary systems. L .: Nauka, 1969.882 p. A.S. ? 1121914. A method for producing dense ceramics based on lanthanum or yttrium chromites / A. V. Satanovsky, V. L. Balkevich, A. V. Belyakov // Bul. 2006.? 4. Smigelscas AD, Kirkendall ED Zn Diffusion in-brass // Trans. AIME. 1946. V. 13. N 7. P. 2171? 2173. Pines P. Ya., Sirenko AF Self-diffusion and heterodiffusion in inhomogeneous porous bodies. Direct and inverse Frenkel effect // ZhTF. 1958. Vol. 8. S. 1748? 1952. Belyakov AV Influence of differences in the diffusion coefficients of cations on the deviation from stoichiometry in complex oxides // Glass and ceramics. 1997.? 10, p. 18? 20. Belyakov AV The Effect of a Difference in the Diffusivity of Cations on the Deviation from Stoichiometry in Complex Oxides // Glass and Ceram. 1997. V. 54. N 9? 10.P. 317? 319. Bakunov VS, Belyakov AV, Dzhigailo NT, Popil'skiy R. Ya. On the possibility of obtaining dense ceramics from zirconates of alkaline earth metals by combining synthesis and sintering // Tr. MHTI them. D.I. Mendeleev. 1983. Issue. 128.S. 67? 71. Handbook of sol-gel science and technology // Proc. Characterization and Applicattions / ed by S. Sakka. New-York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moskow: Kluwer academic publishers, 2004.791 p. Maksimov A.I., Moshnikov V.A., Tairov Yu.M., Shilova O.A. Fundamentals of the sol-gel technology of nanocomposites / Technomedia Ltd. Saint Petersburg: Elmore, 2007.255 p.

A study of aluminosilicate rocks used for facade ceramics is presented. The possibility of efficient use of oil shale, the reserves of which are significant in South Kazakhstan, is shown. The use of shale and refractory clay will make it possible to obtain clinker products with a water absorption of less than 7%. Such raw materials have not previously been used in the production of facial ceramics.

The paper presents the results of determining the points of zero charge pH0 and isoelectric potentials (& # 950; -potential) in aqueous solutions for some oxides and hydroxides used in the production of ceramics and glass, as well as various composite materials. A mechanism for the formation of the charge of metal oxides and hydroxides depending on the pH of the medium has been proposed. The influence of the pH of the medium on the dispersed characteristics of hydroxides is shown using the example of Ni (II), Cu (II) and Mn (II) hydroxides.

The possibilities of obtaining and producing a high-temperature silicate melt from quartz sand of the Tugan deposit (Tomsk region) using the energy of low-temperature plasma have been investigated.

Within the framework of the one-dimensional problem of the evaporation of an absorbing material layer at When the energy of a laser pulse was released, an analytical relationship was obtained for calculating the energy density required for punching through holes in non-metallic plates, as well as the evaporated mass of matter per unit of input energy. A method is proposed for the action of laser radiation on a plate, which makes it possible to halve energy costs and determine rational modes of punching through holes in glassy and ceramic plates.

The possibility of producing heat-insulating glass and glass-crystalline composite for construction purposes based on ash and slag waste from thermal power plants, which meets modern building codes and requirements for physical and mechanical, thermal insulation and environmental properties, is considered. Compositions and technologies have been developed for obtaining the components of heat-insulating and decorative glass-composite material based on ash and slag waste - cellular heat-insulating glass and slag-glass - with the required physical and technical properties. The choice of the cement bond has been substantiated and the adhesion mechanism between the components of the composite has been established.