Made porous ceramics based on clay and non-plastic aluminosilicate raw materials of Uzbekistan by slip casting. Molding was carried out using a blowing agent - technical foam and sawdust, stabilizing the structure, followed by firing at 1300 - 1350 ° C. The effect of various fillers on the physical and technical properties and microstructure of samples after sintering has been studied. It has been established that ceramics with a density of 700 - 900 kg / m 3 and a strength of 1.6 - 11.0 MPa can be obtained by foam technology with a mass content of foam from 15 to 25 & # 37 ;. Porous samples with the finest structure of grains and pores, obtained on the basis of Samarkand chamotte
A number of charge compositions with anthracite as the main blowing agent have been developed. The density and strength of the synthesized samples have been determined. The process of formation of a cellular structure of a heat-insulating cellular glass as a result of thermoplastic sintering of a charge at a temperature of 600 - 950 ° C is considered.
The possibility of obtaining nanofiltration membranes by applying metal oxide nanopowders on ceramic substrates with macropores is considered. As a selective layer, we chose nanopowders of titanium, aluminum, and magnesium oxides obtained by the plasma thermal method. Analysis of the initial powders, as well as the coatings after deposition, was carried out by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. The technology of obtaining selective layers on ceramic substrates is described. A study of the characteristics of the obtained nanofiltration membranes was carried out in a laboratory setup for the desalination process.
Based on the concept of cybotaxic groups, a model of nucleation in metasilicate melts has been developed, which takes into account the thermodynamic and kinetic factors of phase transformation. The number of forming nuclei depends not only on the degree of supercooling of the melt, but also on the temperature of its pouring into the mold, during which the kinetic factor is realized.
A new technology for the formation of a multilayer mineral wool carpet by means of a pendulum zigzag layout of a primary mineral wool carpet is described, which consists in the formation of a loop with a variable height in the primary mineral wool carpet to ensure equality of the feed rate of the primary mineral wool carpet to the pendulum spreader and the peripheral speed of the pendulum at the point where the primary mineral wool carpet leaves it at the point of exit of the primary mineral wool carpet to the pendulum spreader. throughout the zigzag pattern of the primary carpet. Analytical dependencies are given for calculating the parameters of technology that implements a new method of pendulum zigzag layout of mineral wool carpet
The thermal stability of the glass coating of a pipe in the oil and chemical industry has been investigated. It was found that an increase in the thickness of the glass coating leads to a sharp deterioration in the heat resistance of the pipe coating. This phenomenon is associated with an increase in temperature gradients when heating or cooling thick coatings compared to thin pipe coatings. It was found that the high thermal resistance of the glass coating of the pipe mainly depends on the thickness, grade and geometric dimensions of the coating and steel pipe.
The influence of the presence of water-soluble low molecular weight oligomers in a paint composition on the possibility of a single high-temperature firing and decorative properties of coatings, taking into account the type of ceramic surface (porcelain or faience), the composition of pigments and the corresponding mineral fillers, has been studied. A difference was found in the color and tone of coatings, the gloss of the glaze for surfaces of various aluminosilicate modules and temperature regimes.
The results of successful application of the method of laser drilling of micro-holes with a diameter of 30 - 200 µm in glasses with a thickness of 0.1 to 0.8 mm are presented. Achievement of high quality of holes with high productivity of the process is ensured by the use of immersion coolant in the process of piercing holes, which is in contact with the lower surface of the glass.
In the Li 2 O-ZnO-TiO 2 system, a material has been developed for the technology of low-temperature co-firing of ceramics with a view to its use in the production of electronic components. The sintering temperature of the material was reduced from 1075 to 950 & # 176; C due to the introduction of 3.0 & # 37; sintering additive of eutectic composition in the system Li 2 OB 2 O 3 -SiO 2 . The developed ceramics, obtained at 950 & # 176; C, is characterized by a density of 4.14 g / cm 3 , as well as the following dielectric properties: dielectric constant & # 949; = 23.1 and the dielectric figure of merit Q * f = 832 MHz
The issue of the prospects of using ceramic composite materials in heat-loaded units of advanced aviation technology instead of metallic materials is considered. Research has been carried out on the manufacture of ceramic composite materials based on silicon carbide, reinforced with whiskers (whiskers), by hot pressing and spark plasma sintering with the use of oxide and nitride sintering additives. A complex of physical, mechanical and thermal properties of composites was investigated.
