The results of a study of the use of non-destructive contactless methods of optical spectroscopy - registration of diffuse reflectance spectra in the UV-VIS-NIR range and photoluminescence for the identification of porcelain products are presented. According to the color characteristics and the list of optically active luminescence centers (OACL), the porcelain products were graded according to the composition and state of the redox medium during firing. It is shown that the chromaticity of porcelain can be controlled by the combination and ratio of the intensities of the centers of color and luminescence. A decrease in the intensity of the OACL Fe 3+ band is mainly associated with a change in the coordination of iron Fe 3 + O 4 & # 8594; Fe 3+ O 6 in bone china
The results of the study of the dielectric constant & # 949; modified sodium silicate compositions (SNK) depending on the content of the modifying zinc-containing aqueous solution (zinc acetate) and the curing time of the compositions. The characteristic changes in the value of & # 949; are revealed. It is shown that for the system under study, the nature of the change in the value of & # 949; corresponds to the nature of the change in the strength and water resistance of the modified samples depending on the content of the modifier in the SNK. Based on the foregoing, the method of dielectric constant for assessing structural changes modified by SNC is characterized as an express method for predicting the properties
The composition of a ceramic pigment using pyroxenite has been developed, including pyroxene minerals - augite, enstatite; in addition, forsterite, serpentine and coloring iron and chromium oxides are present. The compositions of the crystalline phases in pigments depending on the firing temperature have been investigated by XRD and microanalysis. Ceramic pigment with a diopside structure allows to obtain a brown color of the coating when using the pigment in a wide range of firing temperatures of 850 - 1250 ° C, excluding the melting of the pigment, while improving the purity of tone and brightness of the coating
The results of studies of the structure, phase composition, mechanical and chemical properties of aluminosilicate, magnesia-quartz and glass-ceramic proppants (RosProp, BorProp, ForeRCP, Wauli, etc.) are presented. It has been shown that glass-ceramic proppants are superior in performance to ceramic analogs due to the use of a highly efficient method of dispersing a melt jet into droplets for spherization of particles and structural features manifested in the formation of a homogeneous dense material represented by microcrystals of pyroxene composition
The results of experimental studies on the generation of X-ray radiation when operating a kitchen piezoelectric lighter in a vacuum are presented. For the first time, a new method for increasing the intensity of X-ray radiation with the piezoelectric effect in high vacuum conditions through the use of an additional electron emitter was proposed and demonstrated. The maximum energy of X-ray bremsstrahlung reaches 14 keV. This means that electrons are accelerated in vacuum in the field of piezoelectric ceramics to an energy of at least 14 keV
The technology of synthesis of fluoromagnesiumapatite powder and technology of coating formation by plasma spraying on its basis are presented. The recommended mode for the formation of a coating based on fluoromagnesiumapatite powder with an open porosity of more than 40 & # 37;, adhesive strength 15 MPa, hardness 190 HB and hydrophilicity is: arc current 300 A, fineness of titanium powder up to 150 microns, fineness of fluoromagnesiumapatite powder up to 90 microns , plasma-forming gas flow rate 20 l / min, distance of titanium powder spraying up to 150 mm, distance of spraying fluoromagnesiumapatite powder up to 50 mm
Ceramic bricks based on low-melting clay and ferro-dust were obtained from self-decaying slags of low-carbon ferrochrome in the temperature range 950 - 1100 ° C, which have grades from M100 to M175, respectively. The highest grades are in bricks fired at temperatures of 1050 and 1100 & # 176; C, respectively M150 and M175, which can be used as earthquake-resistant. Studies have shown that at a brick firing temperature of 950 ° C, the appearance of hematite, wollastonite, diopside and a liquid phase is noted. An increase in the firing temperature to 1000 & # 176; С contributes to the appearance of anorthite and cristobalite. An increase in the firing temperature to 1050 ° C does not lead to special changes, with the exception of an increase in the content of cristobalite, anorthite and a decrease in the content of feldspar. A further increase in the firing temperature to 1100 ° C leads to an increase in the content of anorthite, diopside and cristobalite. Physicomechanical parameters increase due to the formation of anorthite and diopside in the samples
On October 29, Vladimir Nikolaevich Sigaev celebrated his 75th birthday - Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Chemical Technology of Glass and Sitalls of the Russian University of Chemical Technology. D. I. Mendeleeva (RCTU), honorary worker of higher professional education of the Russian Federation, member of the editorial board of the magazine & # 171; Glass and ceramics & # 187;.
The possibility of spatially selective crystallization of lithium-niobium germanate glasses with compositions (molar content, & # 37;) 25Li 2 O & middot; 30Nb 2 O 5 & middot; 45GeO has been demonstrated 2 and 30Li 2 O & middot; 25Nb 2 O 5 & middot; 45GeO 2 femtosecond laser beam with the formation of birefringent structures containing lithium niobate. A correlation has been established between the orientation of the fast axis of birefringence of crystallized tracks and the plane of polarization of the laser beam.
In the system Me 2 O & mdash; Ga 2 O 3 & mdash; GeO 2 & mdash; SiO 2 < / sub> (Me = Li, Na) a glass was obtained that meets the requirements of GOST in terms of impossibility for optical glass of the first category. Subsequent heat treatment results in the release of & # 947; -Ga 2 O 3 nanocrystals in it and the initiation of luminescence, excited only by UV radiation of the solar-blind range. The integral light transmission in the visible region and the luminescence intensity of the developed material are comparable with the same characteristics of glass-crystalline samples, the glass for which was obtained by melt quenching.
