It has been established by calculation and experimental methods that the use of lithium metaphosphate for the preparation of charges of multi-lithium glasses of the Li 2 O - Li 2 SO 4 - P 2 O 5 allows to reduce the temperature and time parameters of their cooking while increasing the homogeneity of the melts. Tab. 1, ill. 3, bibliography: 10 titles.
Considered are cardinal changes in the design of flat glass bath furnaces, contributing to a significant improvement in technical and economic indicators. The most effective technical solutions are changes in the designs of the loading pocket, burners, regenerators and clamping and their equipping with modern technological equipment and highly resistant refractories. Il. 3.
A comprehensive analysis of the known hypotheses of the structure of alkali-borate glasses has been carried out. Their imperfection is noted when explaining the dependences of the properties of glasses on their composition. Alternative schemes of structural borate complexes are proposed, which more convincingly make it possible to explain the regularities of changes in the properties of these glasses. Il. 8, bibliography: 9 titles.
It is shown that the structural features of quartz glasses make it possible to use the Herring model to describe their viscous flow, and the uneven distribution of impurities explains the known regularities in the dependence of the viscosity coefficient on their content. Bibliography: 12 titles.
It is shown that the transparency of the substrate significantly affects the light transmission of glass products modified with sol-gel coatings. In contrast to glass, where light scattering is proportional to the refractive index, an inversely proportional relationship was found in the studied films, which can be explained by the effect of porosity on a decrease in the refractive index of the coating. Tab. 1, ill. 3, bibliography: 7 titles.
The properties of mineral fibers from andesitodacite, which are erupted volcanic rocks, have been studied. The elastic-strength characteristics of elementary fibers, filaments, as well as microplastics and plates made of unidirectional composites based on filaments and EDT-10 epoxy binder have been investigated. It is shown that the characteristics of the fibers are rather high and are close to the properties of alkali-free glass and basalt fibers. Tab. 5, ill. 5, bibliography: 5 titles.
The influence of the technology parameters on the properties of 2- and 42-day film-forming solutions of the CuO - TiO 2 system is analyzed. It was revealed that the initial components have a significant effect on the processes of maturation of POR and the properties of coatings. The properties of coatings obtained from solutions of different ages are associated with changes in their microstructure. The refractive index and thickness of the films from 42-day POR are largely independent of the firing mode, and the reflection coefficient and chemical resistance vary ambiguously. Tab. 3, ill. 1, bibliography: 4 titles.
A new paste for glass surface matting is proposed, which acts on the basis of the physicochemical process of surface ion exchange and does not contain hydrofluoric acid and its derivatives. The frosting process takes place at a temperature of 300 ° C and differs significantly from the known frosting processes: chemical etching and sandblasting of glass. The studied morphology of the surface layer of frosted glass is characterized by a system of microblocks (linear dimensions 50 - 150 ?m) and microcracks (width 100 - 200 nm). Microblocks have smooth borders and a smooth front surface. The morphology of the glass surface after matting and subsequent metal deposition by chemical reduction is also presented. Il. 5, bibliography: 4 titles.
The analysis of the general state of the glass industry in Russia at the present stage is presented. It is shown that in terms of the growth in the production of flat glass and glass containers, the glass industry takes one of the first places among all industries in Russia. Based on the identification of trends in further growth in glass production in Russia, a mid-term forecast of the consumption of the main types of resources - gas, electricity, sand, dolomite, soda, cullet - has been compiled. Tab. 1, ill. 4.
The role of transfer phenomena in the technological processes of glass production is noted. The features of the change in transport phenomena with changes in temperature and chemical composition of glasses for their molten and solid state are considered. The interrelation of transport phenomena is also considered. Glass-forming melts are highly viscous. The latter has a significant effect on transport phenomena associated with the movement of particles, which is expressed by certain ratios. The results of experimental and theoretical studies, reflected in the scientific and technical literature, are discussed from structural and technological positions. Tab. 1, ill. 4, bibliography: 25 titles.
