The compositions of glasses of the systems Li 2 O - BaO - SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 - B 2 O 3 - SiO 2 , activated by terbium oxide, which have a relatively high light output and can be used for converting X-ray radiation in radiation introscopes. A technique for measuring the brightness of X-ray luminescence of transducers using the hardware base of radiation introscopes has been tested. Tab. 1, ill. 2, bibliography: 8 titles.
Using the methods of mathematical statistics (cluster, dispersion and correlation analyzes), the impact strength of three types of glass containers (bottles, cans) has been analyzed. Three temperature regions have been identified, in which molding leads to significantly different values ??of the strength of products. The boundaries of the temperature regions of molding are critical regardless of the type of the molded product and are apparently determined only by the chemical composition of the molten glass. The preferred mold temperature range is 480 ° C to 550 ° C. The results of the study are interpreted on the basis of an analysis of the features of glass formation at different temperatures. Tab. 4, ill. 3, bibliography: 5 titles.
The reagent "boric acid" of analytical grade grade, which is used in charges for the manufacture of glasses, has been investigated by IR spectroscopy. It was found that the reagent consisted of three components - meta- and orthoboric acids and vitreous boron oxide, water was contained in two forms - molecular and in the form of OH-groups, impurities of organic substances and carbon dioxide are unlikely. Orthoboric acid bands at 1450, 1195, 883, 815 and 548 cm -1 were detected for the first time and were not indicated in the previously published reference spectrum. Tab. 2, ill. 3, bibliography: 10 titles.
Materials based on yttrium silicates have been synthesized by the sol-gel method. The influence of the amount of yttrium oxide, which varied from 10 to 50% (molar content), and the molar ratio of water: alcoholate were investigated. The processes of structure formation, the nature of the crystallization of gels during heat treatment in the temperature range 650 - 1300 ° C have been studied. Il. 5, bibliography: 8 titles.
The distribution of components, phase composition, and structural features of sodium silicate synthesized in an aqueous medium were studied by IR spectroscopy. Long-term storage in air resulted in partial cracking of the substance and a change in its phase composition. The main phases were sodium silicates of different stoichiometry, free silica in the form of cristobalite, and sodium carbonate. When exposed to ambient conditions, the concentration gradients of sodium carbonate and water in the silicate material increased from the center to the edges. An explanation is given of the processes of initiation and development of cracks that violated the continuity of the synthesized substance. It is noted that water, which is sorbed from the air, is more dangerous for the degradation of the structure than structurally bound water from the initial solution. Tab. 1, ill. 3, bibliography: 11 titles.
The optimal design and metal composition of the blades of the drip feeder scissors have been determined, which made it possible to reduce the wear of the blades, to reduce the ingress of metal wear products into the glass melt drop, and to reduce the defects arising when cutting off the drop. Tab. 1, ill. 2, bibliography: 6 titles.
The sequence of adaptation of a conjugate mathematical model describing external heat transfer in the working space, as well as heat transfer and hydrodynamics of the melt in the melting basin of a glass-making furnace with a horseshoe-shaped flame is considered. It is shown that with the correct setting of the basic boundary conditions for modeling to adapt the model, it is sufficient to use the experimental dependences of the air heating temperature and the temperature of the molten glass at the outlet from the melting basin on the furnace productivity. Equations have been obtained that establish the relationship between the specific heat consumption and the maximum melting temperature and the specific removal of molten glass, which can be used in constructing an algorithm for controlling the thermal operation of a glass-melting furnace of the investigated design. Il. 3, bibliography: 7 titles.
The character of oxygen and nitrogen diffusion in the surface layer of nitrided lead-silicate glass has been studied. The dependences of the diffusion coefficients on the composition of the glass and the duration of the gas thermal treatment have been established. Il. 2, bibliography: 12 titles.
The analysis of the nature of defects causing optical distortion of glass is carried out. It was found that 70% of optical defects in float glass are associated with the formation of a ribbon in a molten bath. Methods have been developed for producing float glass, which make it possible to improve its optical quality. Tab. 1, ill. 5.
