It is reported about the production of optical ceramics from lutetium oxide doped with ytterbium using spark plasma sintering. The starting material was Yb 3+ : Lu 2 O 3 nanopowder synthesized by laser ablation. Spark plasma sintering of nanoparticles at a temperature of 1450 ° C, a load of 15 kN with a holding time of 40 minutes provides a submicrocrystalline structure of ceramics with an average grain size of 0.2 ?m and a light transmittance of 75.6% at a wavelength .lambda; = 1080 nm, which is 5.8% less than the theoretical value.
The results of studies of the possibility of using galvanic sludge as a component of the raw material composition for the manufacture of stove tiles are presented, and the effect of waste on the thermophysical characteristics of products is shown. The introduction of wastewater sludge from the galvanic industries of Atlant and Belorussian Metallurgical Plant in an amount of 9% promotes the formation of a ceramic structure with a rational ratio of crystalline, liquid and gas phases, which reduces the thermal conductivity of the material while maintaining the required mechanical strength and thermal resistance.
The composition of a complex deflocculant for a ceramic slip based on oxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (OEDPA) and components of a traditional thinner containing water glass and soda was selected. A comparative study of the influence of the proposed deflocculant and deflocculant Reotan SL by Lamberti on the rheological properties of the ceramic slip modified by them and the physical and mechanical properties of the cast samples was carried out. The deflocculant containing HEDPA allows achieving the minimum values ??of slip thixotropy, at which a high rate of casting is maintained for specimens characterized by lower shrinkage and increased strength characteristics.
The grinding processes of the compositions ZnO / CaO / Al (OH) 3 , Zn 4 CO 3 have been studied by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. (OH) 6 / CaO / Al (OH) 3 , MgO / CaO / Al (OH) 3 in a vibrating mill. The formation of a new phase Ca (Zn 2 (OH) 6 ) in the form of prismoid crystals was found in mixtures with ZnO. It was found that the grinding process is accompanied by hydration of the particle surface, which is the reason for the equalization of the basic properties of the compositions. It is shown that the nature of the change in the parameters of the crystal structure of gibbsite is influenced by its amount in the composition.
The introduction of foam glass production waste into clay-containing mixtures contributes to the formation of a strongly porous fragmentary structure in the composite material. The influence of the textural and structural features of composites on their physical and mechanical properties is considered.
The effect of the firing temperature on the phase composition and electrophysical properties of ceramic products obtained on the basis of compacted powders of the product of the interaction of potassium polytitanate and aqueous solutions of iron (III) salts has been investigated. At a firing temperature of about 700 ° C (optimal), ceramics have pronounced properties of a solid electrolyte and are formed on the basis of a solid solution of the composition K 1.46 Ti 7.2 Fe 0.8 O 16 . At higher temperatures, this solid solution loses its stability and partially decomposes.
The results of studying the composition of the masses using various pore-forming components to obtain wall ceramic materials with improved thermal insulation characteristics are presented. Their positive influence on the properties and structure of ceramics for construction purposes has been established.
Studies of the influence of various thinners on the corrosion of gypsum molds have been carried out. The possibility of more than twofold reduction in the corrosion of the surface of the samples with the use of phosphate thinners is shown, which will increase the service life of the molds and the efficiency of the production of ceramics.
The composition and content of exchangeable cations on the surface and in the volume of various clays have been studied. It was found that the atomic (ionic) composition of the surface of clay particles affects the adsorption and rheological properties of the suspension when electrolytes are introduced. Possible exchange reactions between electrolyte molecules and ions of a clay particle have been determined.
A nanocomposite based on corundum ceramics, containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (up to 50% by volume) as a reinforcing element, has been obtained by spark plasma sintering. The structure of the obtained material was investigated by methods of optical and electron microscopy, the modulus of elasticity and crack resistance were measured, which are 3 times higher than the corresponding characteristics of pure aluminum oxide.
