The dynamics of phase transformations and self-organization processes during the formation of sitalls of metasilicate composition have been investigated. Nanosized microliquation of the original glasses was established. A model of the nucleation mechanism with the participation of substitution reactions is presented. The uniformity of reactions during phase transitions has been established. The value of the golden ratio for sitalls of the sikam class has been experimentally revealed, which characterizes the achievement of a harmonious structural-energy level.
The principles of creating thin metal patterns in the surface layer of glass with a resolution of 10 microns using the methods of contact and explosive photolithography are presented. The possibility of using this technology in the production of metal photomasks for micro- and optoelectronics without the use of labor-intensive operations that are currently used, as well as letter and digital images of any size and configuration, is shown.
The composition of oxide silicate glass and the modes of its synthesis and heat treatment, at which nanocrystals of bismuth selenide are formed in the glass, have been found. Three different methods: X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman scattering and electron microscopy identified the crystalline phase of bismuth selenide nanocrystals with a characteristic size of about 20 nm. The data on the absorption spectra of the obtained glass samples in the range of 400 - 3300 nm are also presented.
The process of synthesis of slag foam glass is investigated using mathematical modeling. Software has been developed that allows one to study the temperature-time field of the charge during its heating. The data obtained made it possible to establish the optimal mode for the synthesis of slag foam glass, the reliability of which has been verified experimentally.
Investigations of controlled thermal cleavage of optical glass by the radiation of a strontium vapor laser have been carried out. It is shown that the high quality of the through separation of the display glass is determined by the multiwave spectrum of the absorbed radiation. Sr laser radiation (? = 6.45 ?m) absorbed in the "upper" layer ~ 200 ?m thick forms a surface microcrack, as in the case of using a CO 2 laser (? = 10 , 6 ?m). In this case, radiation in the region of ~ 1 and 3 ?m forms a "bulk" microcrack. In total, this creates an additional effect, which makes it possible to increase the speed and quality of the through separation of optical glass in the repetitively pulsed regime at a relatively low average laser output power.
The influence of mechanical activation of the charge on the glass-making process and the homogeneity of the obtained glass is considered. The object of research is refractory sitall glass. Mechanical activation of the charge was carried out by fine grinding it in a planetary mill to a specific surface area of ??the resulting powder of 0.9 m 2 / g. It is shown that in the activated charge the processes of silicate and glass formation are shifted by 50 - 150 ° C towards lower temperatures. A mechanically activated charge makes it possible to synthesize a glass that is more homogeneous in composition than an unactivated charge, which ensures the production of a sitall with a highly homogeneous glass-crystalline structure.
The effect of oxides of phosphorus, lithium and barium on the crystallization properties of lithium aluminum silicate glasses and the thermal properties of sitalls obtained on their basis is considered, the compositions and temperature-time conditions for obtaining transparent sitalls are established.
A rational temperature-time regime for obtaining an alkaline concentrate based on quartz and caustic has been determined, its physicochemical properties and influence on glassmaking processes have been investigated, the possibility of using an alkaline concentrate with complete replacement of glass sand and soda in the composition of the glass batch has been substantiated.
The main stages of development of the Scientific Research Institute of Technical Glass for 60 years are shown. The main technical and technological developments of NITS are presented.
