Based on the Na 2 O (K 2 O) - MgO - CaO - BaO - ZnO - B 2 O 3 - SiO 2 glasses have been developed with a refractive index of 1.60 - 1.65, density 2.80 - 3.08 g / cm 3 and dispersion coefficient not less than 45. Glasses are recommended for use in the production of spectacle lenses.
The statistical data of tests of glass samples processed by various methods for mechanical strength are considered. It is shown that the deposition of metallized films on glass reduces its strength, and their removal by a laser practically does not lead to further loss of strength.
Compositions of magnesium silicophosphate glasses have been developed, in which a radioactive isotope of phosphorus 32 P with a half-life of 14.22 days is formed during irradiation in a neutron flux. The technology for producing microspheres from synthesized glasses is presented. Glass powders from the developed glasses are recommended for use as an indicator of the behavior of solid aerosols and the efficiency of filtering installations.
The data on the synthesis of lead-free glasses for high-quality dishes are presented. Glasses of the SiO 2 - SnO 2 - BaO - CaO - Na 2 O - K 2 O system at mass SnO content 2 2 - 10%. The effect of the combined introduction of BaO and SnO 2 on the crystallization ability, density, LTEC, refractive index, microhardness of glasses has been studied. For high-quality sorted glasses, compositions with a BaO content of 6 - 8% and SnO 2 4 - 6% are recommended. The refractive index of the obtained glasses is 1.540 - 1.550, microhardness 3700 - 4900 MPa, TLEC - (95 - 98) * middot; 10 -7 K -1 .
The main conditions for the dissolution of dyes in glass melts are considered: chemical interaction, diffusion, distribution in the volume or in a certain layer. The features of continuous volumetric and surface staining of glass in the production of containers and sheet glass are noted, the corresponding dependences are given.
The characteristics of residual stresses arising in the production of float glass are given. Their types, causes of occurrence, size and direction are described. The non-cut fault condition is mathematically derived. By means of simulation using ANSYS Structural software version 14.0, a picture of the stresses during the rise of the break bar was obtained and the critical parameters at which the glass breaks during the cutting process were determined.
A comparison of structural changes in porous glass that occur during thermal and "cold" compaction under the action of laser radiation is presented. Changes in the modified regions of different densification processes that occur during sintering of a porous glass plate with a microregion in a furnace are also compared.
The processes of glass formation and crystallization of melts of the Na2O - K 2 O - CaO - MgO - Al 2 O 3 - Fe 2 O 3 - SiO 2 - MnO 2 with different contents of Fe 2 O 3 . The mechanism of glass crystallization is proposed from the point of view of the acid-base concept of silicate melts. The role of aluminum and iron ions is shown either as network-forming elements of the oxygen framework, or as modifiers as a result of a shift in acid-base equilibria with a change in the content of iron oxide.
Sodium sulfate is a widely used clarifier in the technology of large-capacity glass production. The progress of the glass-making process and the quality of the glass largely depend on the quality and characteristics of the interaction of sulfate with a reducing agent, since under the influence of sulfate, redox conditions for glass-making and displacement of the Fe 2+ & harr; Fe 3+ . The reactions and stages of the action of sulfate in the charge and glass melt are considered.
Information on phase formation and glass formation in bismuth borate systems as a basis for obtaining lead-free fusible glasses with a wide range of changes in physical and optical characteristics is generalized. Data on the composition and structure of phases in the Bi 2 O 3 - B 2 O 3 and BaO - Bi systems are presented. 2 O 3 - B 2 O 3 . Data on glass formation and properties of glasses in the BaO - Bi 2 O 3 - B 2 O 3 system are given, in including the data obtained by the authors of the article.
