In system Y 2 O 3 - Al 2 O 3 - B 2 O 3 glasses and products of solid-phase synthesis in the form of single-phase powders with a huntite structure, activated with samarium, were obtained. It is shown that the studied glasses crystallize with the release of predominantly aluminum borate Al 4 B 2 O 9 and a solid solution (Y, Sm) Al < sub> 3 (BO 3 ) 4 on the sample surface. Upon transition of crystalline powders (Sm x Y 1-x ) Al 3 (BO 3 ) 4 to the amorphous state, the leveling of the Stark structure and broadening of the Sm 3+ luminescence bands are observed, however, the luminescence branching coefficients change insignificantly. It was found that a decrease in the synthesis temperature of such glasses from 1450 to 1250 ° C leads to an increase in the fraction of VO 4 and the quantum yield of luminescence at a low concentration of the activator.
The efficiency of using ultradispersed activated mixtures obtained by wet grinding in a planetary mill was established for the synthesis of low-alkaline aluminoborosilicate glasses (of the Pyrex type). The positive effect is achieved primarily due to the intensification of the glass formation stage - the dissolution of free silica. The cooking temperature can be reduced by 100 - 150 ° C.
An analysis of the stability of the production process for the production of automotive glass was carried out using the traditional method of product quality control and axiomatic analysis. It is shown that the traditional control method can lead to distortion of the analysis results. The axiomatic analysis of product quality control examines the process based on individual measurements to ensure reliable results.
The behavior of water in model glasses of Na 2 O - B 2 O 3 - SiO 2 systems has been studied by IR spectroscopy. and K 2 O - B 2 O 3 - SiO 2 . It has been established that hydroxyl groups and water in molecular form are present in alkaline borosilicate glasses of these systems, obtained by quenching a water-containing melt. The distribution of water between its forms and the silicate and borate components of the glass structure depends on their chemical composition. The formation of hydroxyl groups involves proton-cation exchange with the participation of non-bridging oxygen atoms coordinated by alkali metal ions.
Earlier it was found that when high-speed particles of micrometeorites hit the quartz glass of the windows, the initial strength of the glass falls by more than 2 times. In order to assess the residual strength of glass, in this work, studies were continued to find criteria that would make it possible to give an indirect, but rather reliable, assessment of the morphology of forming defects. The identity of the destruction mechanism and the morphology of defects for glasses of various compositions have been proved.
A project for the production of glass granules intended for subsequent processing and its use in the technology of manufacturing foam glass is presented. The issues of increasing the energy efficiency of technological processes and reducing the prime cost of the charge prepared on the basis of diatomite are considered.
The analysis of the process of melting float glass in multi-tonnage glass-making furnaces has been carried out. The optimal values ??of the speed, duration of cooking and molten glass are determined. It is shown that the duration of glass melting is 48 - 72 hours and depends on the content of cullet in the batch. The chemical and structural homogeneity of the glass melt is maintained at a cooling rate of 10 - 12 & # 186; C / h and at a cooling time of 20 - 24 hours, which ensures the production of glass of optical quality.
A generalized analysis of the process of dissolution of solid particles in glass-forming melts is carried out. Data were obtained on the kinetics of dissolution of quartz grains, and the kinetic function was determined. The main directions of intensification of glass-making are considered.
A review of works on the structure of silicate and glass melts is carried out using the provisions of synergetics, cluster and fractal concepts. With this in mind, some features of industrial technological processes and operational reliability of products are considered.
The effect of acoustic vibrations in the cavitation mode on a high-temperature high-viscosity slag melt has been experimentally evaluated. A significant increase in the crystallization ability of the melt after its ultrasonic treatment was established, which may be associated with the depolymerization of the silicon-oxygen framework of the silicate melt and the creation of a developed interface between the gaseous and liquid phases in the melt. It is shown that acoustic treatment promotes the dispersion of a refractory solid phase in the melt.
