The analysis of materials by types and centers of staining for the most used colored glasses has been carried out. The coloring of glasses with selenium is considered in more detail from the standpoint of modern concepts of the structure of dyes and the formation of coloring centers. An updated classification of types and centers of staining in glasses is presented. Tab. 1, ill. 1, bibliography: 18 titles.
A method for the production of optical silica glass by the synthesis of monodisperse silica particles, their centrifugation, followed by supercritical drying and sintering of the porous material is described. A comparison of the optical transmission spectrum of the optical quartz glass produced by this method with the spectra of some glasses obtained by industrial methods is carried out. The advantages of this method in comparison with methods for the production of silica glass based on aerogels and xerogels of silicon dioxide are indicated. Il. 7, bibliography: 11 titles.
The possibility of using aluminosilicate rocks and materials for glass melting, which can be used in the production of foam glass, is shown. Modular characteristics in assessing the suitability of aluminosilicate materials for glass melting and modular characteristics of the resulting glass are proposed. The compositions of the mixtures for glass melting and production of foam glass are given. Tab. 2, ill. 1, bibliography: 7 titles.
Influence of substitution of sodium cation by barium and calcium on the structure of sodium borosilicate glass of composition: 0.25 Na 2 O; 0.25 B 2 O 3 ; 0.5SiO 2 . Analysis of the recorded spectra showed that the replacement of the Na + cation with alkaline earth metal cations, Ba 2+ and Ca 2+ leads to the rupture of B-O- bridges. В and Si-O-Si, as a result of which the proportion of terminal oxygen atoms increases and the degree of glass polymerization decreases. Tab. 1, ill. 4, bibliography: 13 titles.
In the Bi 2 O 3 - SiO 2 - P 2 O 5 system the range of molar content 57.1% Bi 2 O 3 , 42.9 - 17.1% SiO 2 , 0 - 25.7% P 2 O 5 transparent glasses were obtained. The effect of the P 2 O 5 content on the melting temperature and glass color has been established. Such glasses are promising for use in photonics and as scintillation materials. Tab. 2, ill. 1, bibliography: 7 titles.
A review of works on the colloidal coloring of glasses with metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles is carried out. The features of the technology and the nature of glass coloration are shown. The obtained experimental and practical results are discussed from the point of view of nanotechnology. Tab. 2, ill. 8, bibliography: 36 titles.
It was found that when heated in air to 1100 ° C, the mass of silica glass fiber decreases by approximately 11%. In this case, mainly water is released into the gas phase. In addition to water in the gas phase, hydrocarbons, carbon oxides, and molecular hydrogen were also found in low concentrations. The reason for the appearance of hydrocarbons can be molecules that are adsorbed on the surface of the fiber during their manufacture. The release of water at high temperatures is associated with the destruction of silanol groups. Il. 6, bibliography: 10 titles.
The analysis of the factors influencing the preservation of the stable quality of the charge when loading into the glass-making furnace after transporting it from the compound shop over a long distance is carried out. The drawbacks that arise during the preparation and transportation of the charge to the glass-making furnace are analyzed. Based on the analysis, a new method of charging a charge into a glass-making furnace has been proposed, which allows maintaining optimal humidity, temperature and uniformity of the charge before loading into the furnace. Tests of a new method of charging the charge were carried out on one of the glass-making furnaces of JSC "Salavatsteklo". Il. 8, bibliography: 3 titles.
A dye based on selenium obtained by converting it into micro- and nanostates by the method of mechanical dispersion with the use of the main component of the glass batch, quartz sand, as a matrix-stabilizer, has been investigated. It was found that mechanodispersion of SiO 2 + Se mixtures leads not only to grinding, but also, possibly, the transition of selenium to other polymorphic modifications, and the observed increase in the color intensity of glasses synthesized on their basis is most likely associated with the stabilization of particles selenium in low-dimensional voids of quartz sand. It was revealed that heterogeneous mixtures of SiO 2 + Se of black color are characterized by increased volatility and, at the same time, the highest coloring power. Tab. 1, ill. 5, bibliography: 8 titles.
The prospect of using dust from electrostatic precipitators of cement production for melting sheet (heat-absorbing) and container glass is shown. The addition of 5 - 15% dust to the charge makes it possible to reduce or eliminate the use of natural and artificial materials while maintaining the quality of the glass in terms of gas-containing inclusions. With an increase in the proportion of dust, the equilibrium of iron oxide forms in glass shifts towards the highest oxidation state, which is explained by the presence of sulfur-containing compounds. Tab. 4, ill. 4, bibliography: 8 titles.
