The prospects of replacing the traditional charge with a charge containing synthetic raw materials (SSM) or entirely consisting of SSM are shown. This will allow saving raw materials and fuel and energy resources, simplifying the technology for preparing the glass batch, intensifying the technological process of glass melting, improving the quality and stability of the characteristics of the produced glass; improve the environment. The use of CCM will provide an opportunity to organize glass production in regions that do not have their own raw material base. Tab. 1, ill. 2, bibliography: 4 titles.
The possibility of using rocks from the Khatsavitsky, Solokhaulsky and Tugupsky deposits of the Krasnodar Territory in the production of basalt fibers has been investigated. Using a laboratory single-plate setup, it has been shown that continuous thickened and coarse fibers are formed from the melts of these rocks in a wide temperature range. On an installation with an induction method for melting raw materials and acoustic blowing of the melt with compressed air, pilot batches of super-thin and thin staple fibers were obtained, the main technical characteristics of which are within the limits regulated by GOST 4640-93. Tab. 3, ill. 2, bibliography: 6 titles.
The tendency of container glass obtained from a mixture of green cullet with 10 - 50% colorless or brown to foaming has been estimated. An indirect method was used, which consists in controlling the apparent density of pelletized samples heat-treated at temperatures of 800, 1000, and 1200 ° C. It was found that the density reaches a maximum at 1000 ° C due to sintering and compaction and decreases to 1200 ° C due to a decrease in the solubility of gases and foaming. The density of samples fired at 1200 ° C from oxidized (green) and reduced (brown) glass decreases, and from a mixture of oxidized (green + colorless) glasses increases. Therefore, loading brown crusts into a green glass furnace is unacceptable due to the high risk of melt foaming. Tab. 1, ill. 3, bibliography: 5 titles.
The effect of oxides of rare earth elements (WO 3 , Gd 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 < / sub>) for a set of technological and physicochemical characteristics of optical glasses for a light-guiding core. Compositions of glasses for optical fiberglass are synthesized that satisfy the basic requirements for them. The specified glass compositions can be used in the manufacture of fiber optic products. Tab. 2, ill. 5, bibliography: 7 titles.
The processes of glass clarification are closely related to its redox potential, for the quantitative assessment of which an indicator indicator was used - the proportion of ferrous iron, proportional to the absorption index of glass in the range 900 - 1100 nm. The appearance of midges in optical glasses is explained by the increased solubility of nitrogen in molten glass with an increased reduction potential. Mixing cullet with an increased reduction potential to the container glass melt with an oxidizing potential and vice versa violates the solubility of sulfur in the molten glass, increases the risk of midges and foaming of the molten glass. Tab. 3, ill. 5, bibliography: 16 titles.
By means of dielectric IR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, the presence in the structure of lanthanum borogermanate (LBG) glass of three-coordinated boron atoms, which are absent in the LaBGeO 5 crystal, has been confirmed. The grouping ratio [BO 3 ] / [BO 4 ] does not depend on the conditions for obtaining glass. An assumption was made about the presence in the glass composition of amorphous nanosized regions of two types, approximately the same chemical composition, but different structure. The regions of the first type contain preferably four-coordinated boron atoms and are the basis for the formation of nuclei of stillwellite crystals, while the regions of the second type are more disordered, and in them most of the boron atoms are located in the centers of oxygen triangles. Il. 3, bibliography: 12 titles.
The influence of the composition of the charge based on various silica raw materials and the redox characteristics of its components on the foaming processes in the production of glass-foam materials is considered. It was found that foaming mixtures belonging to the transitional redox group are optimal for foaming, the value of the oxidation coefficient of which is in the range of 25 - 100. Oxidizing and reducing mixtures are characterized by a low coefficient of foaming and a high degree of heterogeneity, which requires adjusting the composition by changing the ratio of the reducing agent and oxidizing agent. Tab. 3, ill. 3, bibliography: 8 titles.
A review of studies on relaxation phenomena in glasses is presented. Their role in molding, heat treatment, and other technological processes is shown. The features of the surface layer from the standpoint of physical mesomechanics and general structural features of inorganic glasses are noted. A number of factors of operational reliability of glassware are considered. Il. 5, bibliography: 32 titles.
The conditions for obtaining highly transparent glasses are considered. Data on the effect of coloring impurities and additives on the optical and spectral properties of glasses are presented. The role of rare earth elements, the prospects for the use of new materials and technologies in the production of products from highly transparent glass are shown. Tab. 1, ill. 4, bibliography: 6 titles.
The compositions of low-melting glasses based on the sodium borosilicate system have been developed. The effect of the composition on the thermal properties of glasses has been studied. The possibility of using wastes from electrochemical industries instead of traditional raw materials is shown. A field test has shown good wettability to concrete and the suitability of colored glasses for their decoration. Tab. 2.
