With regard to the zonal method for calculating external heat transfer, a method has been developed for determining the theoretical heat consumption for glass-making. The results of calculating the costs of heat for a glass-making container glass furnace with a capacity of 280-420 tons / day are presented.
Glasses and glass-crystalline materials of compositions (in moles) 2Bi 2 O3; 3SiO 2 and 2Bi 2 O 3 ; 3GeO 2 were subjected to gamma radiation. The radiation doses were 10 5 and 10 6 rad. The absorption spectra, microhardness and refractive index of glass and glass-ceramic samples before and after irradiation have been investigated. It is shown that gamma radiation causes ionization of bismuth ions and crystallization of glasses. Bismuth-silicate glass ceramics are less susceptible to ?-radiation than bismuth germanate.
Based on the analysis of the conditions for the formation of quartz of various deposits, their structural, physicochemical properties, known technologies for the production of quartz grains, new operations and methods of performing known operations for purifying quartz grains are proposed. A comparison is made of the optical characteristics of quartz glasses melted by various methods of vacuum melting from natural and synthetic raw materials.
A systematic approach to managing the technological process of sheet glass production is presented, which comprehensively solves the problems of managing the quality of the produced glass, economical use of energy and material resources in production, minimizing the negative impact of production on the environment, including ensuring safe working conditions for production workers. The effectiveness of the formulated control problem was estimated by simulation modeling.
Glasses of compositions Bi 4 (Si x Ge 1-x ) 3 О 12 , where x = 0.33; 0.5; 0.66, cooking for 30 minutes and two-stage cooking. The values ??of their characteristic temperatures, densities, refractive indices and microhardness are determined. The dependences of the indicated quantities on the composition are investigated.
The results of experimental and theoretical studies of the work of sheet glass under the action of a concentrated load are presented. A methodology and a program for calculating sheet glass in the design of translucent structures, coatings and ceilings has been developed.
A mathematical model of the process of blowing molten glass in the bath of a glass furnace by high-temperature fuel combustion products blown into the bath through lateral tuyeres installed under the level of the melt is presented. The blowing of the molten glass with gas through the tuyeres is carried out in two modes - bubble and jet.
The results of studies of the thermal stability of float glass samples with modified surfaces are presented. The nature of glass destruction during testing is shown. It was found that the thermochemical treatment of float glass surfaces with some reagents increases the value of heat resistance and significantly reduces the scatter of values.
The main reasons for the occurrence of defects when cutting glass are given: breakage not along the cut and breakage during cutting. The main attention is paid to the residual stresses in the glass, the reasons for the defects associated with the equipment are highlighted. The existing method for monitoring residual stresses in glass and its disadvantages are considered. The reasons for the problems arising during glass cutting are shown.
The basic principles of technology in relation to the glass-making process are considered. The determining role of viscosity is shown. The principles of the best use of raw materials and materials, the driving force of processes, energy resources, units and equipment, while observing technological proportionality, were discussed from the physical, chemical and technological positions. From the standpoint of chemical technology and basic technological principles, promising directions in the development of designs for glass-melting furnaces are briefly considered.
