The issues of interrelation of surface tension and viscosity of glass melts are considered from physicochemical and technological positions. The corresponding dependences and experimental results are presented. The relationship between surface tension and viscosity is also considered for technological processes: glass-making and the interaction of molten glass with refractories, molding of various types of glass products, thermal polishing and melting of the edges of products, foaming in the production of foam glass.
The possibility of making foam glass from poor zeolite-containing rocks is considered. A significant increase in the intensity of foaming of the compositions is achieved by mechanically activating the crushed rock or by adding flask rock to alkaline zeolite-containing compositions. At the same time, the macro- and microporous structure of the foam obtained from the usually crushed rock in a rod mill differs from the foam made from mechanically activated rock powder.
A composition of titanium-containing crystal glass with high chemical resistance, heat resistance and hardness is proposed. The glassmaking process has been studied in laboratory conditions. In order to avoid staining glass with titanium iron chromophore groups, it is recommended to use raw materials of high purity, in particular, enriched quartz sand and vein quartz of the highest grade. Glass is characterized by the safety of production and use.
Using model systems, the behavior of powdery components of a glass batch under periodic mechanical impacts on containers for its storage has been studied. Segregation in a two-component system of quartz sand - soda increases the content of soda particles in the upper layers of the charge, and sand particles in the lower ones. This separation is reduced when the powder mixture is moistened. Studying the segregation of various fractions of powdered dolomite, it was found that humidification also weakens the segregation of various fractions of powdered dolomite.
The features of thermally activated pore formation of the zeolite-alkaline charge are considered. It was found that when the dry granular charge is kept in air, free NaOH carbonatizes with the formation of hydrated sodium carbonate - Na 3 [CO 3 ] [HCO 3 ] & middot; 2H 2 O. The same process occurs with NaOH occluded by intracrystalline pores and channels of zeolites. Sodium carbonate trapped in the intracrystalline pores and channels of zeolites is an additional source of pore-forming gas - CO 2 . This makes it possible to obtain foam glass with a density of 100 - 150 kg / m 3 from zeolite-containing rocks.
The change in some parameters of the nanoscale coating under the action of 0.1 N solutions of hydrochloric and nitric acid has been studied. It was found that the swelling in hydrochloric acid is more intense than in nitric acid. The intensity of dissolution of a nanosized coating in a 0.1 N solution of nitric acid is directly proportional, and in hydrochloric acid is inversely proportional to the duration of etching.
The possibility of using fractal analysis in describing the structure of foam glass is shown, for the quantitative assessment of which, under a fixed effect of various technological factors, it is proposed to use the value of the fractal dimension. The relationship between the fractal dimension and the main technical characteristics of foam glass has been established.
The temperature-time parameters of the process of foaming glass charges with the use of a carbonate gas-former - microcalcite - have been studied, methods of purposeful influence with the help of technological and recipe factors on the characteristics of foam glass - density and water absorption have been proposed.
The influence of concentration and structural factors on the nature of the temperature dependence of the viscosity of glasses of the systems K 2 O - B 2 O 3 - SiO 2 and Na 2 O - B 2 O 3 - SiO 2 in the range of 109-104 Pa & middot ; with. The complex nature of the influence of boron and potassium oxides on the temperature dependence of viscosity in the region of the transition from a liquid to a plastic state is shown.
Glasses of compositions Bi 4 (Si x Ge 1-x ) 3 O 12 (x = 0.33; 0.5; 0.66, 1.00) and glass-crystalline materials based on them. The influence of the composition of the charge and the modes of heat treatment on the spectral characteristics of these materials has been determined.
