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The main regularities of changes in the properties of ceramic samples obtained from compositions based on combinations of loam, refractory clays and metallurgical slag are considered. The phase composition and processes of structure formation of wall ceramics have been investigated with the help of modern high-precision equipment. The composition of the ceramic mass is given, which makes it possible to produce high quality facing ceramic bricks based on clay raw materials and waste from ferrous metallurgy. Tab. 3, ill. 2, bibliography: 4 titles.
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The method of burnout additives was used to obtain porous ceramics based on kaolin, talc and quartz-feldspar raw materials of the Amur Region. Waste of rubber products, grain crops, woodworking industry was used as a pore-forming additive. For the samples obtained, open porosity, water absorption, specific surface area, compressive strength, and water permeability were determined. The apparent density, total and closed porosity, specific pore volume, and modulus of elasticity were calculated. Tab. 1, ill. 4, bibliography: 3 titles.
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Prospects for the use of car tires processed into crumb rubber in the production of building ceramics are considered. On the basis of experimental data and preliminary statistical calculations, it was found that the addition of crumb rubber in the amount of 5 - 10% leads to changes in the values ??of physical and mechanical properties and structural parameters of ceramic samples.
During the heat treatment of ceramic samples, the analysis of the composition and the amount of emitted gas was investigated. It was found that the additive used insignificantly affects the phase composition of ceramic samples. The use of crumb rubber makes it possible to obtain samples with satisfactory properties and to dispose of polymer waste.
Tab. 3, ill. 6, bibliography: 8 titles.
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The issues of the formation of glass breakage both in the form of solid household waste and at the industrial processing of flat glass are considered. The prospect of using cullet in the manufacture of materials for various purposes is shown. Decorative facing materials - glass silica, glass ceramite, pressed tiles and smalt can be obtained in a wide range of colors, different configurations and sizes. Of practical interest are heat and sound insulating materials based on granular, slab and block foam glass and slag foam glass. Bibliography: 39 titles.
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2011, N 4 The presented studies make it possible to judge the deformation-stressed state of ceramic products in different stages of firing and to establish their effect on the thermomechanical properties of the material. Studies have shown that the introduction of pyrite cinders into the compositions of ceramic masses reduces the elastic modulus in the initial period (up to 400 ° C) by 25 - 30%, and in the temperature range 500 - 1000 ° C - by 5 - 10%. These data indicate the possibility of firing intensification using pyrite cinders. Il. 3, bibliography: 8 titles.
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The possibility and prospects of using cement production waste (dust from electrostatic precipitators) in glassmaking have been assessed. It is shown that the introduction of 5 to 15% of dust into the charge makes it possible to completely exclude sodium sulfate and chalk from the composition of the charge. An increase in the content of fine dust in the charge intensifies sintering and favors an increase in the specific surface area of ??the charge and the strength of the pelletized samples. At a fixed processing temperature, as the dust content increases, the weight loss decreases. Tab. 5, ill. 2, bibliography: 3 titles.
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The influence of the mineralogical composition of alkaline syenite enrichment wastes on the structure and properties of ceramic tiles has been established. The ceramics obtained after firing at a temperature of 950 - 1100 ° C has an uneven-grained structure, consisting of a fine-grained base (grain size less than 5 microns) and inclusions with a size of 10 - 50 microns (in ceramics with slurry) and up to 120 microns (in ceramics with magnetic fraction). The glass phase is enriched with oxides of aluminum, magnesium and iron, which are part of the syenite enrichment waste, and has a heterogeneous chemical composition. It is shown that the higher content of ferrous minerals in the magnetic fraction in comparison with the sludge significantly intensifies the processes of glass formation and sintering of ceramics, causing low water absorption and high strength. Tab. 3, ill. 3, bibliography: 4 titles.
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The results of studying the phase compositions and the formation of the microstructure of sintered ceramic specimens based on the kaolin - chamotte - KVMR composition in order to obtain a ceramic material with enhanced physicochemical properties are presented. Tab. 2, ill. 3, bibliography: 5 titles.
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Methods of recycling mixed glass breakage, which is a part of solid household waste, are analyzed. It is shown that the problem of utilization of this type of waste is still relevant. On the basis of the experimental studies carried out, it was found that the method of mechanochemical activation makes it possible to obtain a mixed alkaline binder, which is promising for the production of non-fired heat-insulating materials with high mechanical characteristics. Tab. 2, ill. 2, bibliography: 12 titles.
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The possibility of synthesizing ceramic pigments based on industrial waste: nepheline sludge from alumina production, spent SVD catalyst, spent catalytic complex Ziegler - Natta has been studied. The use of the investigated materials makes it possible to reduce the cost of producing ceramic pigments. Using nepheline sludge and spent catalysts, overglaze paints and ceramic pigments in the sandy brown-olive range can be obtained. The synthesized pigments are also recommended for the volumetric coloring of ceramic masses in the production of building materials. Tab. 3, ill. 3, bibliography: 6 titles.
